Amini Sima, Abak Atefe, Sakhinia Ebrahim, Abhari Alireza
Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Lab Med. 2019 Oct 10;50(4):333-347. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmz002.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22 nucleotides [nt]), single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides that are regulatory in nature and are often dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs (miRNAs associated with cancer) or tumor suppressor miRNAs and have the potential to be a diagnostic, prognostic, noninvasive biomarker for these diseases. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-222 (miR-222) are homologous miRNAs, located on the human chromosome Xp11.3, which factored significantly in impairment in the regulation of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the most consistently reported dysregulated miRNAs that trigger human tissues to express cancerous features and surveyed the role of those miRNAs in metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor prognosis. Also, we applied the causes of drug resistance and the role of coordinated actions of these miRNAs to epigenetic changes and selected miRNAs as a potential type of cancer treatment.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类短链（约22个核苷酸[nt]）的单链RNA寡核苷酸，本质上具有调节作用，在包括癌症在内的各种疾病中常常失调。miRNA可以作为癌基因miRNA（与癌症相关的miRNA）或肿瘤抑制性miRNA，并有潜力成为这些疾病的诊断、预后、非侵入性生物标志物。微小RNA - 221（miR - 221）和微小RNA - 222（miR - 222）是同源miRNA，位于人类X染色体p11.3上，在多种癌症的调控受损中起重要作用。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了最一致报道的失调miRNA，这些miRNA促使人体组织表达癌性特征，并探讨了这些miRNA在转移、凋亡、血管生成和肿瘤预后中的作用。此外，我们阐述了耐药性的原因以及这些miRNA协同作用对表观遗传变化的影响，并选择miRNA作为一种潜在的癌症治疗类型。
