Friede A, Baldwin W, Rhodes P H, Buehler J W, Strauss L T, Smith J C, Hogue C J
Public Health Rep. 1987 Mar-Apr;102(2):192-9.
In 1980, there were 562,330 babies born in the United States to teenage mothers (19 years of age or younger). The offspring of teenage mothers have long been known to be at increased risk of infant mortality, largely because of their high prevalence of low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams). We used data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project to examine the effect of young maternal age and low birth weight on infant mortality among infants born in 1980 to U.S. residents. This analysis was restricted to single-delivery babies who were either black or white, who were born to mothers ages 10-29 years, and who were born in one of 48 States or the District of Columbia. Included were 2,527,813 births and 28,499 deaths (data from Maine and Texas were excluded for technical reasons). Direct standardization was used to calculate the relative risks, adjusted for birth weight, of neonatal mortality (less than 28 days of life) and postneonatal mortality (28 days to less than 1 year of life) by race and maternal age. There was a strong association between young maternal age and high infant mortality and between young maternal age and a high prevalence of low birth weight. Neonatal mortality declined steadily with increasing maternal age. After adjusting for birth weight, the race-specific relative risks for babies born to mothers less than 16 years of age were still elevated from 11 to 40 percent, compared with babies born to mothers 25-29 years of age. Otherwise, all the relative risks were nearly equal to 1. By contrast, most of the association between young maternal age and postneonatal mortality persisted after birth weight adjustment in all maternal age groups.These results suggest that the prevention of neonatal mortality and, to a lesser extent, postneonatal mortality among babies born to teenagers depends on preventing low birth weight. The prevention of postneonatal mortality may depend more on other factors, such as assisting teenagers with better parenting. Finally, although there maybe few biological reasons to postpone childbearing,teenage childbearing continues to place the mother and her baby at a social disadvantage.
1980年，美国有562330名婴儿由青少年母亲（19岁及以下）所生。长期以来，人们都知道青少年母亲的子女婴儿死亡率较高，这主要是因为她们所生低体重儿（体重不足2500克）的比例很高。我们利用国家婴儿死亡率监测（NIMS）项目的数据，研究了年轻母亲年龄和低体重对1980年在美国出生的美国居民婴儿死亡率的影响。该分析仅限于单胎分娩的婴儿，这些婴儿要么是黑人要么是白人，母亲年龄在10 - 29岁之间，并且出生在48个州之一或哥伦比亚特区。纳入分析的有2527813例出生和28499例死亡（出于技术原因，缅因州和得克萨斯州的数据被排除）。采用直接标准化方法，按种族和母亲年龄计算出生体重调整后的新生儿死亡率（出生后28天内）和新生儿后期死亡率（出生后28天至不足1岁）的相对风险。年轻母亲年龄与高婴儿死亡率以及年轻母亲年龄与低体重高患病率之间存在密切关联。新生儿死亡率随着母亲年龄的增加而稳步下降。在调整出生体重后，与25 - 29岁母亲所生婴儿相比，16岁以下母亲所生婴儿的种族特异性相对风险仍高出11%至40%。除此之外，所有相对风险几乎都等于1。相比之下，在所有母亲年龄组中，调整出生体重后，年轻母亲年龄与新生儿后期死亡率之间的大部分关联仍然存在。这些结果表明，预防青少年母亲所生婴儿的新生儿死亡率以及在较小程度上预防新生儿后期死亡率，取决于预防低体重。预防新生儿后期死亡率可能更多地取决于其他因素，比如帮助青少年更好地养育子女。最后，尽管可能没有多少生物学上的理由推迟生育，但青少年生育仍然使母亲及其婴儿处于社会劣势地位。
