Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biology and Genetics Section G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 1;20(9):2162. doi: 10.3390/ijms20092162.
Reproduction, the ability to generate offspring, represents one of the most important biological processes, being essential for the conservation of the species. In mammals, it involves different cell types, tissues and organs, which, by several signaling molecules, coordinate the different events such as gametogenesis, fertilization and embryo development. In the last few years, the role of Extracellular Vesicles, as mediators of cell communication, has been investigated in every phase of these complex processes. Microvesicles and exosomes, identified in the fluid of ovarian follicles during egg maturation, are involved in communication between the developing oocyte and the somatic follicular cells. More recently, it has been demonstrated that, during implantation, Extracellular Vesicles could participate in the complex dialog between the embryo and maternal tissues. In this review, we will focus our attention on extracellular vesicles and their cargo in human female reproduction, mainly underlining the involvement of microRNAs in intercellular communication during the several phases of the reproductive process.
生殖，即产生后代的能力，是最重要的生物过程之一，对于物种的延续至关重要。在哺乳动物中，它涉及到不同的细胞类型、组织和器官，这些细胞通过多种信号分子协调不同的事件，如配子发生、受精和胚胎发育。在过去的几年中，细胞间通讯的介质——细胞外囊泡，在这些复杂过程的各个阶段的作用都得到了研究。微泡和外泌体在卵母细胞成熟过程中卵巢卵泡的液体中被发现，它们参与了发育中的卵母细胞和体腔卵泡细胞之间的通讯。最近，有研究表明，在着床过程中，细胞外囊泡可能参与胚胎和母体组织之间复杂的对话。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注细胞外囊泡及其在人类女性生殖中的货物，主要强调 microRNAs 在生殖过程的几个阶段中的细胞间通讯中的作用。
