Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China.
2The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Hereditas. 2019 Apr 26;156:14. doi: 10.1186/s41065-019-0089-5. eCollection 2019.
Grapevine is an important fruit crop grown worldwide, and its cultivars are mostly derived from the European species , which has genes for high fruit quality and adaptation to a wide variety of climatic conditions. Disease resistance varies substantially across grapevine species; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying such variation remain uncharacterized.
The anatomical structure and disease symptoms of grapevine leaves were analyzed for two grapevine species, and the critical period of resistance of grapevine to pathogenic bacteria was determined to be 12 h post inoculation (hpi). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from transcriptome analysis of leaf samples obtained at 12 and 36 hpi, and the transcripts in four pathways (cell wall genes, LRR receptor-like genes, genes, and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes) were classified into four co-expression groups by using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The gene , showing the highest transcript level, was introduced into Arabidopsis plants by using a vector containing the CaMV35S promoter. These procedures allowed identifying the key genes contributing to differences in disease resistance between a strongly resistant accession of a wild grapevine species () and a susceptible cultivar of , 'Manicure Finger' (). but not showed a typical hypersensitive response after infection with a fungal pathogen () causing white rot disease. Further, 20 defense-related genes were identified, and their differential expression between the two grapevine species was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. , showing the highest transcript level, was selected for functional analysis and therefore over-expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance to and to two other pathogens, pv. DC3000 and .
The consistency of the results in and transgenic Arabidopsis indicated that might be involved in the activation of defense-related genes that enhance the resistance of these plants to pathogens. Thus, the over-expression of in transgenic grapevines might improve their resistance to pathogens.
葡萄是一种重要的水果作物，在全球范围内广泛种植，其品种主要来源于欧洲种，这些品种具有高果实品质和适应广泛气候条件的基因。不同葡萄品种的抗病性差异很大，但这种变异的分子机制尚不清楚。
对两个葡萄品种的叶片进行了解剖结构和病害症状分析，确定了葡萄对病原菌的抗性关键时期为接种后 12 小时（hpi）。对 12 和 36 hpi 时获得的叶片样本进行转录组分析，鉴定出差异表达基因（DEGs），并通过加权相关网络分析（WGCNA）将四个途径（细胞壁基因、LRR 受体样基因、基因和病程相关（PR）基因）中的转录本分为四个共表达群。基因，其转录本水平最高，通过含有 CaMV35S 启动子的载体被引入拟南芥植物。这些程序允许鉴定出导致野生葡萄种（）强抗品种和易感品种（‘Manicure Finger’（））之间抗病性差异的关键基因。但 基因在感染引起白腐病的真菌病原体（）后并未表现出典型的过敏反应。此外，鉴定出 20 个防御相关基因，并通过定量实时 PCR 分析证实了这两个葡萄品种之间的差异表达。基因，其转录本水平最高，被选为功能分析，因此在 CaMV35S 启动子的控制下在拟南芥中过表达。转基因植物对 和两种其他病原体（pv. DC3000 和）表现出增强的抗性。
在 和转基因拟南芥中的结果一致性表明，可能参与激活防御相关基因，从而增强这些植物对病原体的抗性。因此，在转基因葡萄中过表达可能会提高其对病原体的抗性。
