Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología,División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica,IMSS,Ciudad de México,Mexico.
Laboratorio de Genómica,Departamento de Genética y Genómica Humana,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes',Ciudad de México,Mexico.
Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Jan;147:e183. doi: 10.1017/S0950268819000694.
The disease caused by the influenza virus is a global public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus, analysis of the information generated by epidemiological surveillance systems has vital importance for health decision making. A retrospective analysis was performed using data generated by the four molecular diagnostic laboratories of the Mexican Social Security Institute between 2010 and 2016. Demographics, influenza positivity, seasonality, treatment choices and vaccination status analyses were performed for the vaccine according to its composition for each season. In all cases, both the different influenza subtypes and different age groups were considered separately. The circulation of A/H1N1pdm09 (48.7%), influenza A/H3N2 (21.1%), influenza B (12.6%), influenza A not subtyped (11%) and influenza A/H1N1 (6.6%) exhibited well-defined annual seasonality between November and March, and there were significant increases in the number of cases every 2 years. An inadequate use of oseltamivir was determined in 38% of cases, and the vaccination status in general varied between 12.1 and 18.5% depending on the season. Our results provide current information about influenza in Mexico and demonstrate the need to update both operational case definitions and medical practice guidelines to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals.
由于流感病毒引起的疾病发病率和死亡率高,因此成为了一个全球性的公共卫生问题。因此,分析流行病学监测系统产生的信息对于卫生决策具有重要意义。本研究对 2010 年至 2016 年间墨西哥社会保障研究所的四个分子诊断实验室的数据进行了回顾性分析。根据每个季节的组成,对疫苗的人口统计学、流感阳性率、季节性、治疗选择和疫苗接种状况进行了分析。在所有情况下,均分别考虑了不同的流感亚型和不同的年龄组。A/H1N1pdm09(48.7%)、A/H3N2(21.1%)、B 型流感(12.6%)、未分型的 A 型流感(11%)和 A/H1N1(6.6%)这几种流感亚型呈明显的季节性,每年 11 月至 3 月流行,每两年病例数会显著增加。我们发现,38%的病例中奥司他韦的使用不当,一般而言,根据季节的不同,疫苗接种率在 12.1%至 18.5%之间变化。本研究结果提供了墨西哥流感的最新信息,并表明有必要更新操作性病例定义和医疗实践指南,以减少抗生素和抗病毒药物的不当使用。