Mikolajczyk R, Roesner L M
Abteilung für Immundermatologie und experimentelle Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2019 Jun;70(6):400-406. doi: 10.1007/s00105-019-4412-x.
The human body is densely populated by trillions of microorganisms, which are collectively known as the human microbiota. On the outermost barrier, the skin, a plethora of different bacteria and fungi as well as viruses and mites reside. The skin of different body sites shows a high degree of heterogeneity, generating multiple ecological niches. For example, moisture, sebum and sweat promote the growth of different microorganisms. This diversity has hampered a global and objective analysis of the composition of the microbiota in the past. Today, approximately 10 years after the development of metagenome analysis by next generation high-throughput DNA sequencing, these techniques are now established and affordable in research fields. These techniques enable investigations on the microorganisms living in and on body surfaces and represent an important tool in diverse clinical questions. This review addresses new developments in the (physiological) composition of the skin microbiota and briefly summarizes the research techniques applied.
人体中密集居住着数万亿微生物，它们统称为人类微生物群。在最外层屏障——皮肤上，存在着大量不同的细菌、真菌、病毒和螨虫。身体不同部位的皮肤表现出高度的异质性，形成了多个生态位。例如，水分、皮脂和汗液会促进不同微生物的生长。这种多样性在过去阻碍了对微生物群组成进行全面客观的分析。如今，在通过新一代高通量DNA测序技术开展宏基因组分析大约10年后，这些技术在研究领域已得到确立且成本可控。这些技术能够对生活在体表及体表上的微生物进行研究，是解决各种临床问题的重要工具。本综述阐述了皮肤微生物群（生理）组成方面的新进展，并简要总结了所应用的研究技术。
