Division of Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai, Japan.
J Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;149(7):1245-1251. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz051.
Epidemiologic observations have raised expectations that the Japanese dietary pattern could promote longer disability-free survival (DFS) times among the Japanese population; however, no previous study has examined this issue.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the Japanese dietary pattern and DFS time in the elderly Japanese population.
We analyzed follow-up data covering a 10-y period for 9456 elderly Japanese individuals (aged ≥65 y) participating in a community-based prospective cohort study. Dietary habits were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Based on previous studies, we used 9 food items to calculate the Japanese Diet Index (JDI) score: rice, miso soup, fish and shellfish, green and yellow vegetables, seaweed, pickled vegetables, green tea (1 point for each item if the consumption value was more than or equal to the median, and 0 points otherwise), beef and pork, and coffee (0 points for each item if the consumption value was more than or equal to the median, and 1 point otherwise). Differences in median age at incident disability or death [50th percentile differences (PDs)] according to quartiles (Q1-Q4) of the JDI score were estimated using Laplace regression.
During the follow-up period, 4233 (44.8%) incident disability or death events occurred. In addition, a higher JDI score was significantly associated with longer DFS time: compared with the lowest quartile of JDI scores (Q1), the multivariate-adjusted 50th PD (95% CI) was 7.1 (1.8, 12.4) mo longer for Q4. Each 1-SD increase of the JDI score was associated with 3.7 (1.7, 5.7) additional months of life without disability (P-trend < 0.01). No differences were seen in sex or chronic condition (no or ≥1 chronic condition) at baseline. A post hoc analysis showed a larger effect on DFS time when using a modified JDI score without coffee.
These results suggest that the Japanese dietary pattern is associated with improved DFS time in the general elderly population.
流行病学观察结果表明，日本的饮食模式可能会延长日本人群的无残疾生存时间（DFS）；然而，以前没有研究检验过这一问题。
本研究旨在探讨日本饮食模式与老年日本人群 DFS 时间之间的关系。
我们分析了一项基于社区的前瞻性队列研究中 9456 名≥65 岁的日本老年人的随访数据，该研究持续 10 年。饮食习惯通过食物频率问卷进行评估。基于先前的研究，我们使用 9 种食物来计算日本饮食指数（JDI）评分：米饭、味噌汤、鱼贝类、绿色和黄色蔬菜、海藻、腌制蔬菜、绿茶（如果消费值超过或等于中位数，则每项得 1 分，否则得 0 分）、牛肉和猪肉、咖啡（如果消费值超过或等于中位数，则每项得 0 分，否则得 1 分）。使用拉普拉斯回归估计 JDI 评分四分位数（Q1-Q4）的中位数年龄（50%差异[PD]）差异。
在随访期间，4233 例（44.8%）发生了残疾或死亡事件。此外，JDI 评分越高，DFS 时间越长：与 JDI 评分最低四分位数（Q1）相比，Q4 的多变量校正 50%PD（95%CI）长 7.1（1.8，12.4）个月。JDI 评分每增加 1 个标准差，无残疾的额外存活时间增加 3.7（1.7，5.7）个月（P 趋势<0.01）。在基线时，性别或慢性疾病（无或≥1 种慢性疾病）没有差异。事后分析显示，不包括咖啡的改良 JDI 评分对 DFS 时间的影响更大。
这些结果表明，日本饮食模式与普通老年人群 DFS 时间的改善有关。
