Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan.
Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
Nutr J. 2024 Mar 21;23(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00936-2.
Reducing the environmental impact of the food supply is important for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. Previously, we developed the Traditional Japanese Diet Score (TJDS) and reported in a global ecological study that the Japanese diet is associated with reducing obesity and extending healthy life expectancy etc. We then examined the relationship between the TJDS and environmental indicators.
The average food (g/day/capita) and energy supplies (kcal/day/capita) by country were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database. The TJDS was calculated from eight food groups (beneficial food components in the Japanese diet: rice, fish, soybeans, vegetables, and eggs; food components that are relatively unused in the traditional Japanese diet: wheat, milk, and red meat) by country using tertiles, and calculated the total score from - 8 to 8, with higher scores meaning greater adherence to the TJDS. We used Land Use (m), Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 2007/2013 (kg COeq), Acidifying emissions (g SOeq), Eutrophying emissions (g PO eq), Freshwater (L), and water use (L) per food weight by Poore et al. as the environmental indicators and multiplied these indicators by each country's average food supply. We evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the TJDS and environmental indicators from 2010 to 2020. This study included 151 countries with populations ≥ 1 million.
Land use (β ± standard error; -0.623 ± 0.161, p < 0.001), GHG 2007 (-0.149 ± 0.057, p < 0.05), GHG 2013 (-0.183 ± 0.066, p < 0.01), Acidifying (-1.111 ± 0.369, p < 0.01), and Water use (-405.903 ± 101.416, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with TJDS, and Freshwater (45.116 ± 7.866, p < 0.001) was positively associated with TJDS after controlling for energy supply and latitude in 2010. In the longitudinal analysis, Land Use (β ± standard error; -0.116 ± 0.027, p < 0.001), GHG 2007 (-0.040 ± 0.010, p < 0.001), GHG 2013 (-0.048 ± 0.011, p < 0.001), Acidifying (-0.280 ± 0.064, p < 0.001), Eutrophying (-0.132 ± 0.062, p < 0.05), and Water use (-118.246 ± 22.826, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with TJDS after controlling for confounders.
This ecological study suggests that the traditional Japanese dietary pattern might improve SDGs except Fresh water.
减少食品供应对实现全球可持续发展目标（SDGs）非常重要。此前，我们开发了传统日式饮食评分（TJDS），并在一项全球生态研究中报告称，日式饮食与减少肥胖和延长健康预期寿命等有关。然后，我们研究了 TJDS 与环境指标之间的关系。
从联合国粮食及农业组织统计司数据库中获取各国的平均食物（克/人/天）和能源供应（千卡/人/天）。TJDS 是根据国家/地区的八种食物组（日式饮食中的有益食物成分：大米、鱼类、大豆、蔬菜和鸡蛋；日式饮食中相对较少使用的食物成分：小麦、牛奶和红肉）通过三分位数计算得出的，总分为-8 至 8 分，得分越高表示对 TJDS 的依从性越高。我们使用 Poore 等人的土地利用（m）、温室气体（GHG）排放 2007/2013（kg COeq）、酸化排放（g SOeq）、富营养化排放（g PO eq）、淡水（L）和每食物重量的水利用（L）作为环境指标，并将这些指标乘以每个国家的平均食物供应量。我们评估了 2010 年至 2020 年 TJDS 与环境指标之间的横断面和纵向关联。本研究包括 151 个人口超过 100 万的国家。
土地利用（β±标准误差；-0.623±0.161，p<0.001）、GHG 2007（-0.149±0.057，p<0.05）、GHG 2013（-0.183±0.066，p<0.01）、酸化（-1.111±0.369，p<0.01）和用水量（-405.903±101.416，p<0.001）与 TJDS 呈负相关，淡水（45.116±7.866，p<0.001）与 TJDS 呈正相关在 2010 年控制能量供应和纬度后。在纵向分析中，土地利用（β±标准误差；-0.116±0.027，p<0.001）、GHG 2007（-0.040±0.010，p<0.001）、GHG 2013（-0.048±0.011，p<0.001）、酸化（-0.280±0.064，p<0.001）、富营养化（-0.132±0.062，p<0.05）和用水量（-118.246±22.826，p<0.001）在控制混杂因素后与 TJDS 呈负相关。
这项生态研究表明，传统的日式饮食模式可能会改善可持续发展目标，除了淡水。
