瑞典污水处理厂中生物活性化学物质去除效率的体外生物分析评估。
In vitro bioanalytical evaluation of removal efficiency for bioactive chemicals in Swedish wastewater treatment plants.
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2019 May 9;9(1):7166. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43671-z.
Chemical contamination of wastewater is a problem of great environmental concern, as it poses a hazard to both the ecosystem and to human health. In this study, we have performed a bioanalytical evaluation of the presence and removal efficiency for bioactive chemicals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), using in vitro assays for toxicity endpoints of high relevance for human health. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of five Swedish WWTPs, all adopting a treatment technology including pretreatment, primary treatment (sedimenation), seconday treatment (biological processes), post-sedimentation, and sludge handling. The water samples were analyzed for cytotoxicity, estrogenicity, androgenicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity, oxidative stress response (Nrf2) and the ability to activate NFĸB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling. We observed clear androgenic and estrogenic activities in all inlet samples. Androgenic and estrogenic activities were also observed in all outlet samples, but the activities were lower than the respective inlet sample. AhR activity was observed in all samples, with higher activities in the inlet samples compared to the outlet samples. The removal efficiency was found to be high for androgenic (>99% for two plants and 50-60% for two plants) and estrogenic (>90% for most plants) compounds, while the removal efficiency for AhR-inducing compounds was 50-60% for most plants and 16% for one plant.
废水的化学污染是一个非常令人关注的环境问题，因为它对生态系统和人类健康都构成了危害。在这项研究中，我们使用体外测定法对废水处理厂（WWTP）中生物活性化学物质的存在和去除效率进行了生物分析，这些方法用于测定对人类健康具有高度相关性的毒性终点。在瑞典的五个 WWTP 中，我们在进水口和出水口采集了水样，这些 WWTP 均采用了包括预处理、一级处理（沉淀）、二级处理（生物过程）、沉淀后处理和污泥处理在内的处理技术。我们对水样进行了细胞毒性、雌激素活性、雄激素活性、芳香烃受体（AhR）活性、氧化应激反应（Nrf2）和激活 NFĸB（核因子 kappa-轻链增强子的 B 细胞）信号的能力分析。我们观察到所有进水样本中都存在明显的雄激素和雌激素活性。所有出水样本中也观察到了雄激素和雌激素活性，但活性低于相应的进水样本。所有样本均观察到 AhR 活性，进水样本中的活性高于出水样本。我们发现，对于雄激素（两个工厂的去除效率大于 99%，两个工厂的去除效率为 50-60%）和雌激素（大多数工厂的去除效率大于 90%）化合物，去除效率很高，而对于 AhR 诱导化合物，大多数工厂的去除效率为 50-60%，一个工厂的去除效率为 16%。
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