Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Am J Ind Med. 2019 Jul;62(7):580-589. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22982. Epub 2019 May 10.
There has been an increasing interest in studying sickness presenteeism (SP). An ever-increasing amount of scientific literature is published using this term, yet there appears to be considerable heterogeneity in how it is assessed, which could result in substantial differences in the definition and interpretation of the phenomenon really being studied. We aim to discuss what really is being studied, depending on how the phenomenon is operationalized, measured, and analyzed.
A study based on a literature review and an empirical illustration using data of the third Spanish Psychosocial Risks Survey (2016).
Differences are observed based on the population in which SP is measured, the cut-off points used to define a worker as presenteeist, the reasons for an SP episode and even an analysis of the phenomenon treated as a count or as a dichotomous.
Without being completely exclusive, it seems that restricting the population of analysis to only those workers who consider that they should not have gone to work due to their health, and/or establishing low cut-off points to define someone as presenteeist, would more clearly delimit the study of SP to the exercise of a right to sick leave. In contrast, working with the entire population or using high cut-off points appears to relate the study of SP more with health status and less with the exercise of rights. On the other hand, taking the reasons for SP into account would probably help to improve interpretation of the phenomenon.
人们对研究疾病出勤主义（SP）的兴趣日益浓厚。越来越多的科学文献使用这个术语，但在评估方式上似乎存在相当大的异质性，这可能导致对真正研究的现象的定义和解释存在很大差异。我们旨在根据现象的操作化、测量和分析方式，讨论实际上在研究什么。
一项基于文献回顾的研究，并使用 2016 年第三次西班牙心理社会风险调查的数据进行实证说明。
根据 SP 被测量的人群、用于定义出勤主义者的截止点、SP 事件的原因，甚至是作为计数或二分法对待现象的分析，观察到了差异。
虽然不是完全排他的，但似乎将分析人群仅限于那些因健康原因认为自己不应该上班的工人，并且/或者设定较低的截止点来定义出勤主义者，将更明确地将 SP 的研究限定为行使病假权利。相比之下，用整个人群或使用高截止点来研究 SP 似乎更与健康状况有关，而与权利的行使关系较小。另一方面，考虑 SP 的原因可能有助于提高对该现象的解释。
