千禧一代：患病出勤及其相关因素：一项横断面在线调查。
Millennials: sickness presenteeism and its correlates: a cross-sectional online survey.
作者信息
Lohaus Daniela, Röser Florian
机构信息
Business Psychology, Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
Business Psychology, Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 30;9(7):e026885. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026885.
OBJECTIVE
Sickness presenteeism (SP) is a well-documented phenomenon in the current workforce. However, little is known about the SP of future employees (Millennials). We investigated rate and propensity of presenteeism and health-related and work-related correlates in university students to obtain information about the relevance of SP in the future workforce. Sickness presenteeism (SP) refers to going towork while ill. DESIGN AND SETTING: We administered a cross-sectional online survey in August 2018 involving self-assessments of health-related and work-related behaviour. As planned, we analysed rates, instances and propensities of presenteeism and absenteeism. The target population was Millennial university students.
RESULTS
749 German university students, average age 24.7±3.6 years, 49.5% women, mean academic progress 4.5±2.7 semesters, <1% without work experience, 15.4±10.3 mean weekly working hours. Presenteeism rates in the complete sample were 64% at school and 60.4% at work. For the subsample of participants who reported sickness, presenteeism rates were 87.9% at school and 87% at work. Presenteeism propensity among them was 0.67±0.34 at school and 0.68±0.35 at work. SP at school and at work was significantly correlated with subjective health (r=0.29, p=0.000 and r=0.25, p=0.000) and locus of control (r=-0.20, p=0.000 and r=-0.26, p=0.000). Age and sex adjusted multiple regression analysis showed that subjective health explained 9.7% of the variance in SP at school (B=0.049, p=0.000) and 8.1% of the variance in SP at work (B=0.037, p=0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
The SP rates of the future workforce were in line with previous research on older employees, whereas the presenteeism propensities we found here were higher. Across all analyses, subjective health proved to be associated with presenteeism. Thus, the relevance of SP will remain constant or might even increase with regard to the future workforce. Programmes offering health education should be implemented to sensitise this generation as early as possible.
目的
带病出勤现象在当前劳动力中是一个有充分文献记载的现象。然而，对于未来员工（千禧一代）的带病出勤情况却知之甚少。我们调查了大学生的带病出勤率、倾向以及与健康和工作相关的影响因素，以获取有关带病出勤在未来劳动力中的相关性信息。带病出勤（SP）是指生病时仍去上班。
设计与背景
我们在2018年8月进行了一项横断面在线调查，涉及对与健康和工作相关行为的自我评估。按计划，我们分析了带病出勤和缺勤的发生率、具体事例及倾向。目标人群为千禧一代大学生。
结果
749名德国大学生，平均年龄24.7±3.6岁，49.5%为女性，平均学业进展4.5±2.7个学期，<1%无工作经验，平均每周工作时长15.4±10.3小时。整个样本中，在校时的带病出勤率为64%，工作时为60.4%。在报告生病的参与者子样本中，在校时的带病出勤率为87.9%，工作时为87%。他们在校时的带病出勤倾向为0.67±0.34，工作时为0.68±0.35。在校和工作时的带病出勤与主观健康显著相关（r = 0.29，p = 0.000；r = 0.25，p = 0.000）以及与控制点相关（r = -0.20，p = 0.000；r = -0.26，p = 0.000）。年龄和性别调整后的多元回归分析表明，主观健康解释了在校时带病出勤差异的9.7%（B = 0.049，p = 0.000）以及工作时带病出勤差异的8.1%（B = 0.037，p = c0.000）。
结论
未来劳动力的带病出勤率与先前对年长员工的研究结果一致，而我们在此发现的带病出勤倾向更高。在所有分析中，主观健康被证明与带病出勤相关。因此，带病出勤的相关性在未来劳动力方面将保持不变甚至可能增加。应实施提供健康教育的项目，以便尽早让这一代人提高认识。
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