中老年同性恋、双性恋者的感知歧视、健康和幸福感：一项前瞻性研究。
Perceived discrimination, health and wellbeing among middle-aged and older lesbian, gay and bisexual people: A prospective study.
机构信息
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 May 10;14(5):e0216497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216497. eCollection 2019.
OBJECTIVE
To examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between perceived discrimination in daily life (based on a range of attributes), sexual orientation discrimination, and health and wellbeing in middle-aged and older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people.
METHODS
Data were from 304 LGB men and women aged 41-85 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Perceived discrimination in daily life was reported in 2010/11. Participants could attribute their discrimination experience to characteristics including age, sex, race, physical disability, and sexual orientation. Self-rated health, limiting long-standing illness, depressive symptoms, quality of life, life satisfaction and loneliness were assessed in 2010/11 and 2016/17. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, partnership status and socioeconomic position.
RESULTS
Perceived discrimination in daily life was reported by 144 (47.4%) participants. Cross-sectionally, perceived discrimination in daily life was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.02 to 5.21), loneliness (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.60 to 7.10) and lower quality of life (B = -3.31, 95% CI -5.49 to -1.12). Prospectively, perceived discrimination in daily life was associated with increased odds of loneliness (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 8.99) and lower quality of life (B = -2.08, 95% CI -3.85 to -0.31) and life satisfaction (B = -1.92, 95% CI -3.44 to -0.39) over six-year follow-up. Effect sizes were consistently larger for participants who attributed experiences of discrimination to their sexual orientation compared with those who attributed experiences of discrimination to other reasons (e.g. age, sex, race).
CONCLUSION
These results provide cross-sectional and prospective evidence of associations between perceived discrimination in daily life and health and wellbeing outcomes in middle-aged and older LGB adults in England.
目的
探讨日常生活中感知到的歧视（基于一系列属性）、性取向歧视与中年和老年男女同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者（LGB）的健康和幸福感之间的横断面和前瞻性关联。
方法
数据来自于参与英国老龄化纵向研究的 304 名年龄在 41-85 岁的 LGB 男性和女性。2010/11 年报告了日常生活中的感知歧视。参与者可以将他们的歧视经历归因于年龄、性别、种族、身体残疾和性取向等特征。2010/11 年和 2016/17 年评估了自我报告的健康状况、长期限制的疾病、抑郁症状、生活质量、生活满意度和孤独感。分析调整了年龄、性别、种族、伴侣状况和社会经济地位。
结果
144 名（47.4%）参与者报告了日常生活中的感知歧视。横断面研究显示，日常生活中的感知歧视与抑郁症状（OR=2.30，95%CI 1.02-5.21）、孤独感（OR=3.37，95%CI 1.60-7.10）和较低的生活质量（B=-3.31，95%CI-5.49 至-1.12）的几率增加有关。前瞻性研究显示，日常生活中的感知歧视与孤独感（OR=3.12，95%CI 1.08-8.99）和较低的生活质量（B=-2.08，95%CI-3.85 至-0.31）和生活满意度（B=-1.92，95%CI-3.44 至-0.39）的几率增加有关，随访时间为六年。与将歧视经历归因于其他原因（如年龄、性别、种族）的参与者相比，将歧视经历归因于性取向的参与者的效应大小始终更大。
结论
这些结果提供了横断面和前瞻性证据，表明在英国中年和老年 LGB 成年人中，日常生活中的感知歧视与健康和幸福感结果之间存在关联。
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