Le-Hoa Võ Melissa, Wolfe Jeremy M
Scene Grammar Lab, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1339(1):72-81. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12667. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
Many daily activities involve looking for something. The ease with which these searches are performed often allows one to forget that searching represents complex interactions between visual attention and memory. Although a clear understanding exists of how search efficiency will be influenced by visual features of targets and their surrounding distractors or by the number of items in the display, the role of memory in search is less well understood. Contextual cueing studies have shown that implicit memory for repeated item configurations can facilitate search in artificial displays. When searching more naturalistic environments, other forms of memory come into play. For instance, semantic memory provides useful information about which objects are typically found where within a scene, and episodic scene memory provides information about where a particular object was seen the last time a particular scene was viewed. In this paper, we will review work on these topics, with special emphasis on the role of memory in guiding search in organized, real-world scenes.
许多日常活动都涉及寻找某物。这些搜索执行起来的轻松程度常常让人忘记，搜索代表着视觉注意力和记忆之间的复杂相互作用。尽管人们清楚地了解搜索效率将如何受到目标及其周围干扰物的视觉特征或显示中项目数量的影响，但记忆在搜索中的作用却了解得较少。情境线索研究表明，对重复项目配置的内隐记忆可以促进在人工显示中的搜索。在搜索更自然的环境时，其他形式的记忆也会发挥作用。例如，语义记忆提供了关于在场景中通常在哪里可以找到哪些物体的有用信息，而情景场景记忆则提供了关于上次查看特定场景时在哪里看到特定物体的信息。在本文中，我们将回顾关于这些主题的研究工作，特别强调记忆在有组织的现实世界场景中引导搜索的作用。
