General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2019 Jul 1;77(7):487-497. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz008.
Whole-grain (WG) consumption is known to have beneficial effects on human health. However, the influence of WGs on the microbiota is not well understood. To evaluate how WG intake modulates the gut microbiota composition, a literature review of human intervention studies was conducted. Whole grain, whether a mixed WG food or diet (n = 5) or specific WG intervention (WG wheat [n = 5], barley [n = 2], rye [n = 2] or rice, corn, or oats [n = 1 for each]), generally modified microbiota composition but did so inconsistently across measurements of microbial diversity and taxa. Interventions used both parallel and crossover designs and varied from single product substitutions to fully controlled diets with WG exposures of 3-12 weeks. The effect of amount of WG was difficult to capture due to variable reporting of WG. Methods used to measure microbiota varied in ability to resolve changes at different taxonomic levels, and comparisons of interventions using similar methods was lacking. Because many dietary components besides WGs alter gut microbiota, further research is needed, particularly in linking microbiota changes to health outcomes, and study design recommendations for future research on WGs and microbiota are warranted.
全谷物（WG）的摄入已被证实对人体健康有益。然而，WG 对微生物组的影响尚未被充分了解。为了评估 WG 摄入量如何调节肠道微生物组的组成，我们对人类干预研究进行了文献回顾。全谷物，无论是混合 WG 食品或饮食（n=5）还是特定的 WG 干预（WG 小麦[n=5]、大麦[n=2]、黑麦[n=2]或大米、玉米或燕麦[n=1 每种]），通常会改变微生物组的组成，但在微生物多样性和分类群的测量中，这种变化并不一致。干预措施采用平行和交叉设计，从单一产品替代到完全控制的 WG 暴露 3-12 周的饮食不等。由于 WG 报告的变化，很难捕捉 WG 量的影响。用于测量微生物组的方法在不同分类水平上的分辨率变化方面存在差异，并且缺乏使用类似方法的干预措施比较。由于除 WG 以外的许多饮食成分也会改变肠道微生物组，因此需要进一步研究，特别是将微生物组变化与健康结果联系起来，并且有必要为未来关于 WG 和微生物组的研究提出研究设计建议。
