Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Cancer Res Commun. 2023 Jan 11;3(1):43-53. doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0154. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Although short-term feeding studies demonstrated effects of grains, fiber, and gluten on gut microbiome composition, the impact of habitual intake of these dietary factors is poorly understood. We examined whether habitual intakes of whole and refined grains, fiber, and gluten are associated with gut microbiota in a cross-sectional study. This study included 779 participants from the multi-ethnic Food and Microbiome Longitudinal Investigation study. Bacterial 16SV4 rRNA gene from baseline stool was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Read clustering and taxonomic assignment was performed using QIIME2. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Association of diet with gut microbiota was assessed with respect to overall composition and specific taxon abundances. Whole grain intake was associated with overall composition, as measured by the Jensen-Shannon divergence (multivariable-adjusted for quartiles = 0.03). The highest intake quartile was associated with higher abundance of , , , and Erysipelotrichaceae and lower abundance of . These bacteria also varied by dietary fiber intake. Higher refined grain and gluten intake was associated with lower Shannon diversity ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that whole grain and dietary fiber are associated with overall gut microbiome structure, largely fiber-fermenting microbiota. Higher refined grain and gluten intakes may be associated with lower microbial diversity.
Regular consumption of whole grains and dietary fiber was associated with greater abundance of gut bacteria that may lower risk of colorectal cancer. Further research on the association of refined grains and gluten with gut microbial composition is needed to understand their roles in health and disease.
尽管短期喂养研究表明谷物、纤维和麸质会影响肠道微生物群落组成，但人们对这些饮食因素的习惯性摄入的影响知之甚少。我们在一项横断面研究中研究了习惯性摄入全谷物和精制谷物、纤维和麸质是否与肠道微生物群有关。这项研究包括来自多民族食品和微生物组纵向研究的 779 名参与者。使用 Illumina MiSeq 扩增和测序基线粪便中的细菌 16SV4 rRNA 基因。使用 QIIME2 进行读聚类和分类分配。通过 137 项食物频率问卷评估习惯性饮食摄入。饮食与肠道微生物群的关联是根据整体组成和特定分类群丰度来评估的。全谷物摄入量与整体组成有关，这可以通过 Jensen-Shannon 离散度来衡量（按四分位数进行多变量调整 = 0.03）。最高摄入量四分位数与更高丰度的 、 、 、 和 Erysipelotrichaceae 以及更低丰度的 有关。这些细菌也因膳食纤维摄入量的不同而变化。较高的精制谷物和麸质摄入与较低的 Shannon 多样性相关（ < 0.05）。这些发现表明，全谷物和膳食纤维与整体肠道微生物群落结构有关，主要是纤维发酵的微生物群。较高的精制谷物和麸质摄入可能与较低的微生物多样性有关。
经常食用全谷物和膳食纤维与肠道细菌丰度增加有关，可能降低结直肠癌的风险。需要进一步研究精制谷物和麸质与肠道微生物组成的关联，以了解它们在健康和疾病中的作用。
