Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 28;13(5):1496. doi: 10.3390/nu13051496.
The introduction of complementary foods during infancy marks an important step in the development of the infant gut microbiome. Infant cereals are popular weaning foods but consistent evidence on their effect on the intestinal microbiota, especially when differing in nutritional quality, is lacking. Fecal samples from 4-7-month-old Spanish infants who consumed infant cereals differing in whole grain and sugar content as first weaning foods were analyzed on changes in microbial composition by massively parallel sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. Samples were obtained from a previous trial conducted in Spain demonstrating whole-grain cereal acceptability. In total, samples of 18 infants consuming 0% whole grain cereals with 24 g sugar (0-WG) and 25 infants consuming 50% whole grain cereals with 12 g sugar (50-WG) were analyzed. Microbial composition changed significantly over time ( = 0.001), per intervention group ( = 0.029) and per infant ( = 0.001). Abundance of genus increased in both groups while decreased. Within the 0-WG group, phylum Actinobacteria decreased along with genus . In the 50-WG, we observed an increase in and . In addition, 50-WG decreased Proteobacteria and to levels lower than 0-WG. Although weaning itself appeared to be responsible for most changes, the increased presence of anaerobic fermenters together with inhibition of pathogenic may indicate a supporting effect of infant cereals with 50% whole grains and a reduced sugar content over infant cereals manufactured with refined hydrolyzed flours on the infant microbiota. In fact, using a novel methodology for the identification of microbial signatures, we found two groups of microbial taxa predictive of infants consuming enriched whole-grain infant cereals with a high predictive value of about 93%.
婴儿辅食的引入标志着婴儿肠道微生物组发展的重要一步。婴儿谷类食品是受欢迎的断奶食品，但关于它们对肠道微生物群的影响，特别是在营养质量不同的情况下，缺乏一致的证据。本研究分析了西班牙 4-7 月龄婴儿粪便样本，这些婴儿在作为第一断奶食品时食用不同全谷物和糖含量的婴儿谷类食品，使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因的大规模平行测序在基线和 7 周干预后分析微生物组成的变化。这些样本来自西班牙进行的一项先前的试验，该试验证明了全谷物谷物的可接受性。共有 18 名食用 0%全谷物和 24 克糖的婴儿（0-WG）和 25 名食用 50%全谷物和 12 克糖的婴儿（50-WG）的样本被分析。微生物组成随时间（ = 0.001）、干预组（ = 0.029）和婴儿（ = 0.001）而显著变化。两组的属 丰度增加，而 减少。在 0-WG 组中，厚壁菌门减少，同时属 减少。在 50-WG 中，我们观察到 和 的增加。此外，50-WG 降低了 Proteobacteria 和 ，使其水平低于 0-WG。虽然断奶本身似乎是导致大多数变化的原因，但增加的厌氧发酵物的存在以及对致病性 的抑制可能表明，与用精制水解面粉制成的婴儿谷物相比，含有 50%全谷物和较低糖分的婴儿谷物对婴儿微生物群具有支持作用。事实上，使用一种新的微生物特征识别方法，我们发现了两组可预测食用富含全谷物婴儿谷物的婴儿的微生物分类群，其预测值约为 93%。
