A Systematic Literature Review of HPV Vaccination Barriers Among Adolescent and Young Adult Males.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes several cancers and genital warts among sexually active adolescent and young adult (AYA) males. Quadrivalent HPV vaccines were approved for use in the AYA male population in 2010, but vaccination rates have plateaued at around 10%-15%. A better understanding of the barriers AYA male patients, their parents, and their health care providers (HCPs) experience with respect to vaccination uptake is necessary for tailoring interventions for this population. A literature search was conducted through the PubMed and PsycINFO databases in October 2017. Studies were included if they specified at least one barrier to vaccination uptake in AYA males. Studies were excluded if they did not focus on AYA males, their parents, or their HCP; were conducted outside the United States; or were published before 2010. A total of 23 studies were reviewed, and analysis found that these three groups (i.e., AYA males, parents, and HCPs) had significantly different concerns regarding vaccination. The identified themes included the lack of HPV vaccine awareness/information, misinformation about HPV, lack of communication, financial issues relating to uptake, demographic/perceived social norms, and sexual activity. Health care professionals working directly with AYA males and their parents should provide an open route of communication regarding these sensitive issues, and further educate families on the importance of HPV vaccines in reducing the incidence of certain cancers among men in later adulthood.