Atherton Gray, Cross Liam
a Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing , Department of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton , Wolverhampton , UK.
J Genet Psychol. 2019 Mar-Apr;180(2-3):81-95. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2019.1593100. Epub 2019 May 16.
Research shows that the general population varies with regard to both autistic traits and theory of mind (ToM) ability. Other work has shown that autistic individuals may not underperform on ToM tests when the agent of evaluation is anthropomorphic rather than typically human. Two studies examined the relation between ToM and autistic trait profiles in over 650 adults using either the standard Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPT) or an anthropomorphized version of the FPT (FPTa). Results showed that autistic trait profiles were related to faux pas detection ability in the FPT but not the FPTa. Furthermore, while those with the broad autism phenotype scored significantly worse than those who were typically developed on the FPT, scores did not significantly differ on the FPTa. These findings add to a growing body of work suggesting that ToM ability is not at a global deficit in those on the autistic spectrum, but may relate to the mindreading of specifically human agents.
研究表明，普通人群在自闭症特质和心理理论（ToM）能力方面存在差异。其他研究表明，当评估主体是拟人化而非典型人类时，自闭症个体在心理理论测试中可能不会表现不佳。两项研究使用标准的失言识别测试（FPT）或FPT的拟人化版本（FPTa），对650多名成年人的心理理论与自闭症特质概况之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，自闭症特质概况与FPT中的失言检测能力有关，而与FPTa无关。此外，虽然具有广泛自闭症表型的人在FPT上的得分明显低于发育正常的人，但在FPTa上的得分没有显著差异。这些发现进一步证明，自闭症谱系人群的心理理论能力并非普遍存在缺陷，而是可能与对特定人类主体的心理解读有关。
