Caì Yíngyún, Yú Shuǐqìng, Jangra Rohit K, Postnikova Elena N, Wada Jiro, Tesh Robert B, Whelan Sean P J, Lauck Michael, Wiley Michael R, Finch Courtney L, Radoshitzky Sheli R, O'Connor David H, Palacios Gustavo, Chandran Kartik, Chiu Charles Y, Kuhn Jens H
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 26;10:856. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00856. eCollection 2019.
In 2012, the genome of a novel rhabdovirus, Bas-Congo virus (BASV), was discovered in the acute-phase serum of a Congolese patient with presumed viral hemorrhagic fever. In the absence of a replicating virus isolate, fulfilling Koch's postulates to determine whether BASV is indeed a human virus and/or pathogen has been impossible. However, experiments with vesiculoviral particles pseudotyped with Bas-Congo glycoprotein suggested that BASV particles can enter cells from multiple animals, including humans. In 2015, genomes of two related viruses, Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1) and Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2), were detected in human sera in Nigeria. Isolates could not be obtained. Phylogenetic analyses led to the classification of BASV, EKV-1, and EKV-2 in the same genus, , together with five biting midge-borne rhabdoviruses [i.e., Beatrice Hill virus (BHV), Bivens Arm virus (BAV), Coastal Plains virus (CPV), Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV), and Tibrogargan virus (TIBV)] not known to infect humans. Using individual recombinant vesiculoviruses expressing the glycoproteins of all eight known tibroviruses and more than 75 cell lines representing different animal species, we demonstrate that the glycoproteins of all tibroviruses can mediate vesiculovirus particle entry into human, bat, nonhuman primate, cotton rat, boa constrictor, and Asian tiger mosquito cells. Using four of five isolated authentic tibroviruses (i.e., BAV, CPV, SWBV, and TIBV), our experiments indicate that many cell types may be partially resistant to tibrovirus replication after virion cell entry. Consequently, experimental data solely obtained from experiments using tibrovirus surrogate systems (e.g., vesiculoviral pseudotypes, recombinant vesiculoviruses) cannot be used to predict whether BASV, or any other tibrovirus, infects humans.
2012年,在一名疑似患有病毒性出血热的刚果患者的急性期血清中,发现了一种新型弹状病毒——巴刚果病毒(BASV)的基因组。由于没有可复制的病毒分离株,要满足科赫法则以确定BASV是否确实是一种人类病毒和/或病原体是不可能的。然而,用巴刚果糖蛋白假型化的水疱性病毒颗粒进行的实验表明,BASV颗粒可以进入包括人类在内的多种动物的细胞。2015年,在尼日利亚的人类血清中检测到了两种相关病毒——埃克波马病毒1(EKV-1)和埃克波马病毒2(EKV-2)的基因组。但未能获得分离株。系统发育分析导致BASV、EKV-1和EKV-2与五种未知感染人类的叮咬蠓传播的弹状病毒(即比阿特丽斯山病毒(BHV)、比文斯臂病毒(BAV)、沿海平原病毒(CPV)、斯威特沃特分支病毒(SWBV)和蒂布罗加根病毒(TIBV))被归类为同一属。我们使用表达所有八种已知蒂布罗病毒糖蛋白的单个重组水疱性病毒以及代表不同动物物种的75多种细胞系,证明所有蒂布罗病毒的糖蛋白都可以介导水疱性病毒颗粒进入人类、蝙蝠、非人灵长类动物、棉鼠、蟒蛇和亚洲虎蚊细胞。使用五种分离出的正宗蒂布罗病毒中的四种(即BAV、CPV、SWBV和TIBV),我们的实验表明,许多细胞类型在病毒粒子进入细胞后可能对蒂布罗病毒复制具有部分抗性。因此,仅从使用蒂布罗病毒替代系统(如水疱性病毒假型、重组水疱性病毒)的实验中获得的实验数据不能用于预测BASV或任何其他蒂布罗病毒是否感染人类。