Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Dis Markers. 2019 Apr 11;2019:6025804. doi: 10.1155/2019/6025804. eCollection 2019.
Uric acid presents different roles in an organism. High serum uric acid concentrations may induce inflammatory pathways and promote kidney damage through different mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the association among high serum uric acid concentrations, renal tubular damage, and renal inflammation assessed via estimation of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Urinary concentrations of KIM-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, as well as other biochemical parameters, were assessed in 125 patients with T2D who were grouped into two groups based on the serum uric acid levels (<6.0 mg/dL and ≥6.0 mg/dL). Patients were also stratified according to the tertiles of serum uric acid concentrations.
Urinary KIM-1, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were higher in patients with serum uric acid concentrations ≥ 6.0 mg/dL. However, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant when the urinary values of KIM-1 and cytokines were normalized by the urinary creatinine concentration. Serum uric acid concentrations were significantly associated with urinary KIM-1 (values normalized by urinary creatinine concentration) and urinary TNF-alpha (absolute values and values normalized by urinary creatinine concentration), independent of the body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
High serum uric acid concentrations were associated with high urinary KIM-1 levels accompanied by the increase of urinary proinflammatory cytokines in patients with T2D. However, normalization of urinary markers by urine creatinine concentration seems to influence the profile of the results.
尿酸在生物体中具有不同的作用。高血清尿酸浓度可能通过不同的机制诱导炎症途径并促进肾脏损伤。因此，本研究调查了 125 例 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者中高血清尿酸浓度、肾小管损伤和肾脏炎症之间的关系，通过估计尿肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1）和炎症细胞因子来评估。
根据血清尿酸水平（<6.0mg/dL 和≥6.0mg/dL）将 125 例 T2D 患者分为两组，并评估了他们的尿 KIM-1、IL-1、IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α 以及其他生化参数。根据血清尿酸浓度的三分位数对患者进行分层。
血清尿酸浓度≥6.0mg/dL 的患者尿 KIM-1、IL-1、IL-6 和 TNF-α 水平较高。然而，当用尿肌酐浓度对 KIM-1 和细胞因子的尿值进行归一化时，两组之间的差异无统计学意义。血清尿酸浓度与尿 KIM-1（用尿肌酐浓度归一化的值）和尿 TNF-α（绝对值和用尿肌酐浓度归一化的值）显著相关，与体重指数（BMI）和估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）无关。
在 T2D 患者中，高血清尿酸浓度与高尿 KIM-1 水平相关，同时伴有尿前炎症细胞因子增加。然而，用尿肌酐浓度对尿标志物进行归一化似乎会影响结果的特征。
