Chemovariation and antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated compounds from species of and (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae).

BACKGROUND

A large number of secondary metabolites can be obtained from plants used for traditional medicine in two related genera ( and ) in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae), but there are only a few detailed studies on their bioactivities. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to determine the antibacterial activities of lipophilic extracts from plants of some and species native to Thailand, and to isolate some pure compounds from those extracts. Moreover, we compared the occurrence of compounds in different plant parts of samples from different habitats to better understand their variation.

METHODS

A total of 56 lipophilic extracts were obtained from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of eight and two species collected at various locations in Thailand. Isolated compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against four Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterial strains.

RESULTS

Extracts from , along with isolated scopoletin, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant ATCC 43300, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The occurrence of scopoletin, isofraxidin, and geniposidic acid in lipophilic extracts showed some variation among different plant parts and species.

CONCLUSIONS

Lipophilic extracts of and species have the potential to be developed as anti-Gram-positive agents, in particular to counter infections of methicillin-resistant strains. The chemical profiles showed differences between floristic regions but similarity within the same plant parts.