Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 May 28;21(6):46. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1021-4.
Current traditional treatments for ADHD present serious limitations in terms of long-term maintenance of symptom remission and side effects. Here, we provide an overview of the rationale and scientific evidence of the efficacy of neurofeedback in regulating the brain functions in ADHD. We also review the institutional and professional regulation of clinical neurofeedback implementations.
Based on meta-analyses and (large multicenter) randomized controlled trials, three standard neurofeedback training protocols, namely theta/beta (TBR), sensori-motor rhythm (SMR), and slow cortical potential (SCP), turn out to be efficacious and specific. However, the practical implementation of neurofeedback as a clinical treatment is currently not regulated. We conclude that neurofeedback based on standard protocols in ADHD should be considered as a viable treatment alternative and suggest that further research is needed to understand how specific neurofeedback protocols work. Eventually, we emphasize the need for standard neurofeedback training for practitioners and binding standards for use in clinical practice.
目前治疗 ADHD 的传统方法在长期维持症状缓解和副作用方面存在严重局限性。在这里，我们概述了神经反馈在调节 ADHD 大脑功能方面的基本原理和科学证据。我们还回顾了临床神经反馈实施的制度和专业监管。
基于荟萃分析和（大型多中心）随机对照试验，三种标准的神经反馈训练方案，即θ/β（TBR）、感觉运动节律（SMR）和慢皮层电位（SCP），结果是有效的和具体的。然而，神经反馈作为一种临床治疗的实际实施目前没有得到监管。我们的结论是，基于标准方案的神经反馈在 ADHD 中应被视为一种可行的治疗选择，并建议需要进一步研究以了解特定的神经反馈方案是如何工作的。最终，我们强调需要为从业者提供标准的神经反馈训练，并为临床实践中的使用制定约束标准。
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