Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 260 Heath St. West, Suite #605, Toronto, Ontario, M5P 3L6, Canada.
Psychiatr Q. 2019 Sep;90(3):553-563. doi: 10.1007/s11126-019-09645-0.
Individuals with schizophrenia die, on average, 20 years before their peers, with 'natural causes' accounting for 80% of premature deaths. The aim of this narrative review is to address this phenomenon from the perspective of known factors that contribute to long life. The relevant literature from the last decade was searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Four factors have been shown to be common to centarians, people who live to be a hundred: genes, life style behaviors that favor a healthy heart, social support, and a subjective purpose in life. The latter three factors are potentially modifiable but, in the context of schizophrenia, there are barriers to change, namely poverty, illness symptoms, stress, stigma, and side effects of antipsychotic medication. Barriers to change need to be addressed before substantial progress can be made in increasing the health and mortality risk of people with schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者的平均预期寿命比同龄人低 20 年，其中“自然原因”导致的死亡占 80%。本综述旨在从已知的长寿因素的角度来探讨这一现象。在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中检索了过去十年的相关文献。百岁老人（能活到 100 岁的人）共有四个共同特征：基因、有利于心脏健康的生活方式行为、社会支持和生活目标。后三个因素是可以改变的，但在精神分裂症的背景下，改变存在障碍，即贫困、疾病症状、压力、污名化和抗精神病药物的副作用。在提高精神分裂症患者的健康和降低死亡率方面取得实质性进展之前，需要解决这些障碍。
