Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Growth and Development Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Res. 2019 Aug;68:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Nuts contain a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are capable of promoting metabolic health. However, due to their high energy density, concerns have been raised that nut consumption in the long term may contribute to weight gain. This systematic review summarizes the findings of prospective studies regarding the relationship between long-term nut consumption and obesity. Searches were conducted up through February 2018, using the PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases with the relevant MeSH terms and phrases. This systematic review included prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between consumption of total nut and/or nut subtypes with changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), as well as the risk of overweight/obesity, with follow-up duration ≥1-year. Out of a total of 1580 papers that were initially examined, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Four out of the 6 studies showed an inverse association between nut consumption (typically at the dosages of ≥1 to 2 servings per week) and weight gain and risk of overweight/obesity. The remaining 2 studies evaluated the association between nut intake and changes in WC. From these 2 studies, only one study reported a significant inverse association. Overall, evidence from limited cohort studies demonstrated that long-term nut intake was associated with less weight gain and reduced risk of overweight/obesity. Whether such findings are generalizable to racially diverse ethnic groups, individuals of low socioeconomic status, and populations in developing countries should be addressed in future studies.
坚果含有多种营养成分和生物活性化合物，能够促进代谢健康。然而，由于其能量密度高，人们担心长期食用坚果可能会导致体重增加。本系统评价总结了前瞻性研究关于长期食用坚果与肥胖之间关系的研究结果。检索时间截至 2018 年 2 月，使用 PUBMED、EMBASE 和 SCOPUS 数据库以及相关的 MeSH 术语和短语。本系统评价纳入了前瞻性队列研究，调查了总坚果和/或坚果亚类的摄入量与体重、体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）变化以及超重/肥胖风险之间的关系，随访时间≥1 年。在最初检查的 1580 篇论文中，有 6 篇符合纳入标准。6 项研究中有 4 项表明坚果摄入（通常剂量为≥1 至 2 份/周）与体重增加和超重/肥胖风险呈负相关。其余 2 项研究评估了坚果摄入量与 WC 变化之间的关系。这 2 项研究中，只有一项研究报告了显著的负相关。总体而言，来自有限队列研究的证据表明，长期摄入坚果与体重增加较少和超重/肥胖风险降低有关。这些发现是否适用于不同种族、社会经济地位较低的个体以及发展中国家的人群，应在未来的研究中加以解决。
