Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, K7L 3L3, ON, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Aug;26(4):1273-1281. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01610-z.
Studies have established that scene context guides attention during visual search, but it is not yet clear how. In this study, we examined how attention is deployed across scenes using an attentional capture paradigm. Using the Surface Guidance Framework (Castelhano & Pereira, 2019), we defined target-relevant and target-irrelevant scene regions for each target object and compared how attentional capture of a suddenly onsetting distractor differs for object and letter searches. We found an enhancement of capture effects when distractors appeared within target-relevant regions, with greater proportions of distractors fixated and greater proportions of saccades made toward the distractor for object searches, but not for letter searches. Thus, attention in the real world can be flexibly and spatially distributed on the basis of contextual information, with the Surface Guidance Framework presenting a powerful tool for exploring attentional guidance in real-world scenes.
研究已经证实，场景上下文在视觉搜索过程中引导注意力，但目前尚不清楚具体机制。在本研究中，我们使用注意捕获范式研究了场景中注意力的分布情况。我们使用表面引导框架（Castelhano 和 Pereira，2019）为每个目标物体定义了与目标相关和与目标不相关的场景区域，并比较了在目标物体和字母搜索中，突然出现的分心物对注意捕获的影响有何不同。我们发现，当分心物出现在与目标相关的区域内时，注意捕获效应增强，对于目标物体搜索，更多的分心物被注视，更多的眼跳被引导至分心物方向，而对于字母搜索则不然。因此，在现实世界中，注意力可以根据上下文信息灵活地、空间地分布，表面引导框架为探索现实场景中的注意引导提供了有力工具。
