a Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
b Pediatric BMT , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2019 Jul;13(7):665-678. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1624163. Epub 2019 Jun 5.
: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 380 million people, causing more than 3 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite this enormous burden, currently available therapies are largely limited to symptom control. Lung transplant is considered for end-stage disease but is severely limited by the availability of human organs. Furthermore, the pre-transplant course is a complex orchestration of locating and harvesting suitable lungs, and the post-transplant course is complicated by rejection and infection. Lung tissue bioengineering has the potential to relieve the organ shortage and improve the post-transplant course by generating patient-specific lungs for transplant. Additionally, emerging progenitor cell therapies may facilitate regeneration of pulmonary tissue, obviating the need for transplant. : We review several lung tissue bioengineering approaches including the recellularization of decellularized scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, genetically-engineered xenotransplantation, blastocyst complementation, and direct therapy with progenitor cells. Articles were identified by searching relevant terms (see Key Words) in the PubMed database and selected for inclusion based on novelty and uniqueness of their approach. : Lung tissue bioengineering research is in the early stages. Of the methods reviewed, only direct cell therapy has been investigated in humans. We anticipate a minimum of 5-10 years before human therapy will be feasible.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）影响着全球超过 3.8 亿人，每年导致超过 300 万人死亡。尽管负担如此巨大，但目前可用的治疗方法主要限于症状控制。肺移植被认为是终末期疾病的治疗方法，但由于人类器官的供应有限，受到严重限制。此外，移植前的过程是一个复杂的协调过程，需要寻找和收获合适的肺，而移植后的过程则因排斥和感染而变得复杂。肺组织工程学有可能通过为移植生成特定于患者的肺来缓解器官短缺，并改善移植后的过程。此外，新兴的祖细胞治疗方法可能促进肺组织的再生，从而无需进行移植。我们回顾了几种肺组织工程学方法，包括去细胞支架的再细胞化、3D 生物打印、基因工程化异种移植、囊胚互补和祖细胞的直接治疗。文章是通过在 PubMed 数据库中搜索相关术语（见关键词）来确定的，并根据其方法的新颖性和独特性选择纳入。肺组织工程学研究仍处于早期阶段。在所审查的方法中，只有直接细胞治疗在人类中进行了研究。我们预计至少需要 5-10 年才能使人类治疗成为可行。
