Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Center for Indigenous Nursing Research for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Cult Health Sex. 2020 Jun;22(6):630-645. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1623913. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
Global research reveals that gender-role norms have a profound effect on socio- and psycho-sexual expression (e.g. sexual positioning) among gay and bisexual men, which in turn may affect mental health and sexual risks. However, little is known about these factors among gay and bisexual men in Muslim-majority countries such as Tajikistan. Using a combination of in-depth individual interviews and focus-group assessments, this exploratory, qualitative study examined how gender roles might function as a social determinant for the practice of sexual positioning, which in turn may influence intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual risk and relational power. Results suggest that being the 'active' partner in sexual relationships closely aligns with the construct of hegemonic masculinity, affording actives more power in male-male relationships which may in some cases result in IPV directed against 'passives'. Despite this imbalance, passives also hold power in some cases, such as easier access to public resources such as the police and gay and bisexual focused services. Further research should examine gender norms and sexual positioning relative to IPV and sexual risks among Muslim men in Tajikistan.
全球研究表明，性别角色规范对男同性恋和双性恋男性的社会和性心理表达（例如性取向）有深远影响，而这反过来又可能影响心理健康和性风险。然而，在塔吉克斯坦等穆斯林占多数的国家，人们对男同性恋和双性恋男性中的这些因素知之甚少。本探索性的定性研究结合了深入的个人访谈和焦点小组评估，研究了性别角色如何作为性取向实践的社会决定因素发挥作用，而这反过来又可能影响亲密伴侣暴力、性风险和关系权力。研究结果表明，在性关系中扮演“主动”角色与霸权男性气质的结构密切相关，使主动方在男男关系中拥有更多权力，而在某些情况下，这种权力可能导致针对“被动”方的亲密伴侣暴力。尽管存在这种不平衡，但在某些情况下，“被动”方也拥有权力，例如更容易获得公共资源，如警察和男同性恋和双性恋者关注的服务。进一步的研究应该研究在塔吉克斯坦的穆斯林男性中，性别规范和性取向与亲密伴侣暴力和性风险的关系。
