Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran.
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran.
Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Nov 15;37(7):107405. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.004. Epub 2019 Jun 8.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes, along with A. tumefaciens, has been used to affect genetic transformation in plants for many years. Detailed studies conducted in the past have uncovered the basic mechanism of foreign gene transfer and the implication of Ri/Ti plasmids in this process. A number of reviews exist describing the usage of binary vectors with A. tumefaciens, but no comprehensive account of the numerous binary vectors employed with A. rhizogenes and their successful applications has been published till date. In this review, we recollect a brief history of development of Ri-plasmid/Ri-T-DNA based binary vectors systems and their successful implementation with A. rhizogenes for different applications. The modification of native Ri plasmid to introduce foreign genes followed by development of binary vector using Ri plasmid and how it facilitated rapid and feasible genetic manipulation, earlier impossible with native Ri plasmid, have been discussed. An important milestone was the development of inducible plant expressing promoter systems which made expression of toxic genes in plant systems possible. The successful application of binary vectors in conjunction with A. rhizogenes in gene silencing and genome editing studies which are relatively newer developments, demonstrating the amenability and adaptability of hairy roots systems to make possible studying previously intractable research areas have been summarized in the present review.
发根农杆菌与根癌农杆菌一样，多年来一直被用于影响植物的遗传转化。过去的详细研究揭示了外源基因转移的基本机制以及 Ri/Ti 质粒在此过程中的作用。有许多描述使用根癌农杆菌二元载体的综述，但迄今为止，还没有关于与发根农杆菌一起使用的众多二元载体及其成功应用的综合报道。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了 Ri 质粒/Ri-T-DNA 基于二元载体系统的发展简史，以及它们在不同应用中与发根农杆菌的成功实施。讨论了对天然 Ri 质粒进行修饰以引入外源基因，然后使用 Ri 质粒开发二元载体，以及它如何促进早期使用天然 Ri 质粒不可能实现的快速和可行的遗传操作。一个重要的里程碑是开发了诱导型植物表达启动子系统，使在植物系统中表达毒性基因成为可能。本文总结了二元载体与发根农杆菌在基因沉默和基因组编辑研究中的成功应用，这些研究相对较新，展示了发根系统的易感性和适应性，使以前难以研究的研究领域成为可能。
