Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jun 10;11(6):1308. doi: 10.3390/nu11061308.
The present study investigated the association of maternal dietary patterns with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and total gestational weight gain (GWG), using data of 232 women from the "Mamma & Bambino" cohort. Dietary patterns were derived by a food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis. Self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were calculated according to the World Health Organization and Institute of Medicine guidelines, respectively. The adherence to the "Western" dietary pattern-characterized by high intake of red meat, fries, dipping sauces, salty snacks and alcoholic drinks-was associated with increased GWG (β = 1.217; standard error [SE] = 0.487; = 0.013), especially among obese women (β = 7.363; SE = 1.808; = 0.005). In contrast, the adherence to the "prudent" dietary pattern-characterized by high intake of boiled potatoes, cooked vegetables, legumes, pizza and soup-was associated with reduced pre-pregnancy BMI (β = -0.631; SE = 0.318; -trend = 0.038). Interestingly, the adherence to this pattern was positively associated with GWG among underweight (β = 4.127; SE = 1.722; = 0.048), and negatively among overweight and obese individuals (β = -4.209; SE = 1.635; = 0.016 and β = -7.356; SE = 2.304; = 0.031, respectively). Our findings point out that the promotion of a healthy diet might represent a potential preventive strategy against inadequate weight gain, even during the periconceptional period.
本研究利用“Mamma & Bambino”队列中 232 名女性的数据，调查了母体膳食模式与孕前体重指数（BMI）和总孕期体重增加（GWG）的关系。膳食模式通过食物频率问卷和主成分分析得出。根据世界卫生组织和医学研究所的指南，分别计算了自我报告的孕前 BMI 和 GWG。“西方”饮食模式的特点是大量摄入红肉、薯条、蘸酱、咸点心和酒精饮料，与 GWG 增加有关（β=1.217；标准误差[SE]=0.487；=0.013），尤其是肥胖女性（β=7.363；SE=1.808；=0.005）。相比之下，“谨慎”饮食模式的特点是大量摄入煮土豆、熟蔬菜、豆类、比萨和汤，与孕前 BMI 降低有关（β=-0.631；SE=0.318；-趋势=0.038）。有趣的是，这种模式的依从性与低体重者的 GWG 呈正相关（β=4.127；SE=1.722；=0.048），与超重和肥胖者的 GWG 呈负相关（β=-4.209；SE=1.635；=0.016 和 β=-7.356；SE=2.304；=0.031）。我们的研究结果表明，促进健康饮食可能是一种潜在的预防策略，可以防止体重增加不足，甚至在围孕期也是如此。
