Akbarian Shahab-Aldin, Salehi-Abargouei Amin, Jambarsang Sara, Nikukar Habib, Nadjarzadeh Azadeh
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Int J Reprod Biomed. 2025 Mar 21;23(1):67-78. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v23i1.18189. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) can carry risks for both the mother and the baby. Diet imbalances are the determining factor in the weight gain of pregnant women.
This study aimed to assess the relationship between nutritional patterns and the weight of pregnant mothers living in Yazd, Iran from 2021-2022.
In this cohort study, data from 1497 pregnant women aged 18-45 yr with singleton pregnancy who completed the food frequency questionnaire in the Yazd Birth Cohort Study were extracted. This data included demographic variables, GWG (difference between initial weight at 13-15 wk and 1 wk before the expected delivery date), and food intake information before the 13 wk of pregnancy. The women were categorized into 3 groups based on GWG: inadequate, normal, and excessive. Dietary patterns were extracted from the food frequency questionnaire using principal component analysis, and multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and GWG categories.
According to the frequency of food consumption, 3 dietary patterns were obtained: the traditional pattern (cabbage vegetables, fruits, and dried fruits), the unhealthy pattern (processed meats and sweetened drinks), and the vegetable/fruit/olive pattern. The analysis results showed that pregnant women who followed the fruit/vegetable/olive pattern had a lower chance of insufficient weight gain during pregnancy (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.98).
Consuming various fruits and vegetables can help regulate GWG in the population of pregnant women lived in Yazd, Iran. Diet can be considered one of the most effective and safe interventions.
孕期体重增加异常（GWG）对母亲和婴儿均有风险。饮食不均衡是孕妇体重增加的决定性因素。
本研究旨在评估2021年至2022年居住在伊朗亚兹德的孕妇营养模式与体重之间的关系。
在这项队列研究中，提取了亚兹德出生队列研究中1497名年龄在18至45岁、单胎妊娠且完成食物频率问卷的孕妇的数据。这些数据包括人口统计学变量、GWG（孕13至15周时的初始体重与预期分娩日期前1周体重的差值）以及孕13周前的食物摄入信息。根据GWG将这些女性分为三组：不足、正常和过多。使用主成分分析从食物频率问卷中提取饮食模式，并使用多项逻辑回归评估饮食模式与GWG类别之间的关系。
根据食物消费频率，获得了三种饮食模式：传统模式（卷心菜类蔬菜、水果和干果）、不健康模式（加工肉类和甜味饮料）以及蔬菜/水果/橄榄模式。分析结果表明，遵循水果/蔬菜/橄榄模式的孕妇孕期体重增加不足的几率较低（比值比：0.66，95%置信区间：0.45 - 0.98）。
食用各种水果和蔬菜有助于调节伊朗亚兹德孕妇群体的GWG。饮食可被视为最有效且安全的干预措施之一。
