Fatima Tanzeem, Srivastava Ashutosh, Somashekar P V, Hanur Vageeshbabu S, Rao M Srinivasa, Bisht Surendra Singh
1Genetics and Tree Improvement Division Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, 03 India.
2Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 89 India.
3 Biotech. 2019 Jul;9(7):252. doi: 10.1007/s13205-019-1758-9. Epub 2019 Jun 7.
Sandalwood ( L; family Santalaceae) is a highly significant aromatic oil yielding tree. It is valued for two important traits, heartwood and essential oil obtained from the heartwood. This study was proposed to assess the morphological and genetic variability of sandalwood accessions. For this, genotypes were randomly selected ( = 177) from the 14 populations from three states in southern India. The total heartwood oil content and quality was estimated by UV method and GC-MS. Total 14 oil-specific genic SSR markers were procured to evaluate the genetic diversity among the sandalwood accessions. Total core size, heartwood content, and oil of ranged from 4.4 to 19.1 cm; 0.0 to 17.3 cm; and 0.0 to 5.96% with covariance 27.61, 85.25, and 73.12% followed by mean 9.74, 3.77, and 2.71, respectively. Genetic diversity estimates were highly polymorphic in terms of Na 7.28, Ne 5.89, He 8.0 PIC 0.891, with little Ho, and F-0.922. AMOVA revealed that minimal genetic variation among populations and highest variation was found among individuals with Nm (58.4). The UPGMA reveals the cluster favored the grouping pattern by the PCA analysis. Structure and PCA analysis clustered the entire populations into two major groups with 0.046 in which population of Kerala and Karnataka were pure and Telangana accessions were found admixtures. No significant correlation ( = 0.23, = 0.00) was observed between heartwood oil and genetic structures. A high degree of transferability of genic markers would facilitate the assessment of novel genotypes for future tree improvement and conservation of Sandalwood populations.
檀香（L；檀香科）是一种极具重要性的产芳香油树木。它因两个重要特性而备受珍视，即心材以及从心材中提取的精油。本研究旨在评估檀香种质的形态和遗传变异性。为此，从印度南部三个邦的14个种群中随机选取了177个基因型。通过紫外法和气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪估算了心材总油含量和质量。共获取了14个油特异性基因简单重复序列（SSR）标记，以评估檀香种质间的遗传多样性。总核心尺寸、心材含量和油含量范围分别为4.4至19.1厘米；0.0至17.3厘米；0.0至5.96%，协方差分别为27.61、85.25和73.12%，随后均值分别为9.74、3.77和2.71。遗传多样性估计在等位基因数（Na）为7.28、有效等位基因数（Ne）为5.89、期望杂合度（He）为8.0、多态信息含量（PIC）为0.891方面具有高度多态性，观察杂合度（Ho）较低，固定指数（F）为0.922。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明种群间遗传变异最小，个体间变异最大，基因流（Nm）为58.4。非加权组平均法（UPGMA）揭示的聚类结果与主成分分析（PCA）分析的分组模式相符。结构分析和PCA分析将所有种群聚类为两个主要组，其中Delta K为0.046，喀拉拉邦和卡纳塔克邦的种群是纯合的，而特伦甘纳邦的种质是混合的。在心材油和遗传结构之间未观察到显著相关性（r = 0.23，p = 0.00）。基因标记的高度可转移性将有助于评估新的基因型，以用于未来树木改良和檀香种群的保护。
