Department of Psychology.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2019 Jul;128(5):404-414. doi: 10.1037/abn0000448. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
Physical aggression harms individuals, disrupts social functioning across multiple forms of psychopathology, and leads to destruction within communities. Physical aggression is associated with aberrations in the interpretation of ambiguous information. However, the specific cognitive mechanisms supporting this link remain elusive. One potentially relevant cognitive mechanism is reflection impulsivity, the amount of information gathered during decision-making. Reflection impulsivity characterizes how individuals resolve ambiguity in the process of forming judgments when multiple interpretations of a stimulus are possible. In a sample of 98 incarcerated men, we examined reflection impulsivity using a novel social information sampling task. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between physical aggression and social reflection impulsivity. Additionally, we assessed the frequency of different social judgments (hostile vs. benign), the extent to which reflection impulsivity varied in the context of these different social judgments, and subjective certainty about social judgments. Finally, we investigated whether social reflection impulsivity moderated the relationship between physical aggressiveness and violent crime. Results indicated that more physically aggressive individuals displayed heightened social reflection impulsivity, which was amplified in the context of hostile judgments. Moreover, more physically aggressive individuals were more certain about their hostile judgments and more certain when judgments were made with unconstrained access to behavioral information. Finally, impulsive hostile judgments in physically aggressive individuals related to a more extensive history of assault charges. These findings suggest that physically aggressive individuals exhibit deficits in information gathering, leading to ill-informed and inflexible social judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
身体攻击会伤害个人，破坏多种精神病理学形式的社会功能，并导致社区内部的破坏。身体攻击与对模糊信息的解释异常有关。然而，支持这种联系的具体认知机制仍难以捉摸。一个潜在相关的认知机制是反射冲动性，即在决策过程中收集的信息量。反射冲动性特征是指当刺激有多种解释时，个体在形成判断的过程中如何解决模糊性。在一个由 98 名被监禁的男性组成的样本中，我们使用一种新的社会信息采样任务来研究反射冲动性。该研究的主要目的是调查身体攻击与社会反射冲动性之间的关系。此外，我们评估了不同社会判断的频率（敌对与良性），在这些不同的社会判断背景下，反射冲动性变化的程度，以及对社会判断的主观确定性。最后，我们调查了社会反射冲动性是否调节了身体攻击性与暴力犯罪之间的关系。结果表明，更具身体攻击性的个体表现出更高的社会反射冲动性，而在敌对判断的情况下则更为明显。此外，更具身体攻击性的个体对其敌对判断更为确定，并且在不受行为信息限制的情况下做出判断时更为确定。最后，身体攻击性个体的冲动性敌对判断与更广泛的攻击指控历史有关。这些发现表明，身体攻击性个体在信息收集方面存在缺陷，导致他们的社会判断缺乏信息且不够灵活。
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