College of Plant protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jun 5;11(6):322. doi: 10.3390/toxins11060322.
Postharvest fungal disease is one of the significant factors that limits the storage period and marketing life of peaches, and even result in serious economic losses worldwide. Biological control using microbial antagonists has been explored as an alternative approach for the management of postharvest disease of fruits. However, there is little information available regarding to the identification the fungal pathogen species that cause the postharvest peach diseases and the potential and mechanisms of using the JK-14 to control postharvest peach diseases. In the present study, a total of six fungal isolates were isolated from peach fruits, and the isolates of and exhibited the highest pathogenicity and virulence on the host of mature peaches. In the culture plates, the strain of JK-14 showed the significant antagonistic activity against the growth of and with the inhibitory rates of 81.32% and 83.45% at 5 days after incubation, respectively. Peach fruits treated with different formulations of JK-14 significantly reduced the mean disease incidences and lesion diameters of and . The greatest mean percent reduction of the disease incidences (81.99% and 71.34%) and lesion diameters (82.80% and 73.57%) of and were obtained at the concentration of 1 × 10 CFU mL (colony forming unit, CFU). Treatment with the strain of JK-14 effectively enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in and inoculated peach fruits. As such, the average activities of SOD, POD and CAT were increased by 36.56%, 17.63% and 20.35%, respectively, compared to the sterile water treatment. Our results indicate that the isolates of and are the main pathogens that cause the postharvest peach diseases, and the strain of JK-14 can be considered as an environmentally-safe biological control agent for the management of postharvest fruits diseases. We propose the possible mechanisms of the strain of JK-14 in controlling of postharvest peach diseases.
采后真菌病害是限制桃等果实贮藏期和市场寿命的重要因素之一，甚至在全球范围内造成严重的经济损失。利用微生物拮抗作用进行生物防治已被探索作为控制水果采后病害的一种替代方法。然而，关于引起采后桃病害的真菌病原体种类的鉴定，以及利用 JK-14 控制采后桃病害的潜力和机制，信息很少。在本研究中，从桃果实中分离出六种真菌分离物， 和 分离物对成熟桃宿主表现出最高的致病性和毒力。在培养平板上，菌株 JK-14 对 和 的生长表现出显著的拮抗活性，分别在培养 5 天后抑制率为 81.32%和 83.45%。用不同配方的 JK-14 处理桃果实可显著降低 和 的平均发病率和病斑直径。 和 的发病率（81.99%和 71.34%）和病斑直径（82.80%和 73.57%）的最大平均百分率降低率在浓度为 1×10 CFU mL（菌落形成单位，CFU）时获得。用菌株 JK-14 处理可有效增强 和 接种桃果实中抗氧化酶-超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。与无菌水处理相比，SOD、POD 和 CAT 的平均活性分别提高了 36.56%、17.63%和 20.35%。我们的结果表明， 和 分离物是引起采后桃病害的主要病原体，菌株 JK-14 可作为一种环境安全的生物防治剂，用于控制采后果实病害。我们提出了菌株 JK-14 控制采后桃病害的可能机制。
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