成年自杀未遂者的自闭症特征。
Autistic traits in adults who have attempted suicide.
机构信息
1Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas House, University of Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH UK.
2School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
出版信息
Mol Autism. 2019 Jun 7;10:26. doi: 10.1186/s13229-019-0274-4. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
An emerging literature suggests that autistic adults are at increased risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts, making suicidal plans and attempts, and dying by suicide. However, few studies have investigated whether autistic traits are related to suicidal behaviour. The current study examined autistic traits in a sample of adults who reported at least one suicide attempt.
METHODS
An online questionnaire was advertised between June and September 2017 on suicide prevention websites, research databases, and social media. Participants reported whether they had ever attempted suicide (yes/no), and if so, how many times they had attempted (once/more than once). They also reported diagnosed and suspected mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, and completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Two hundred forty-five adults accessed the survey; 132 reported having attempted suicide and also completed the AQ. It was hypothesised that AQ total scores and subscale scores would be higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted once. These hypotheses were tested using an independent samples test, Mann-Whitney tests, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
Most participants were female (83.3%, male = 12.9%, other = 3.8%), and ages ranged from 18 to 65 (median = 36.00; IQR = 19.00). Total AQ scores, as well as communication and imagination subscale scores were significantly higher in adults who had attempted suicide more than once compared to adults who had attempted suicide once. Even after removing participants with diagnosed or suspected autism ( = 34), 40.6% had an AQ score indicative of clinical concern (≥ 26).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that high levels of autistic traits may frequently be present in adults who have attempted suicide, and that AQ scores are higher in those with a history of more than one suicide attempt. It may be possible to better identify suicide risk by screening autistic adults with mental health conditions for suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and by screening people with suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours for autism.
背景
越来越多的文献表明，自闭症成年人自杀的想法、计划和尝试的风险增加，并且死于自杀。然而，很少有研究调查自闭症特征是否与自杀行为有关。本研究在报告至少一次自杀尝试的成年人样本中检查了自闭症特征。
方法
2017 年 6 月至 9 月期间，通过自杀预防网站、研究数据库和社交媒体发布在线问卷。参与者报告他们是否曾经尝试过自杀（是/否），如果是，尝试过多少次（一次/多次）。他们还报告了已诊断和疑似的精神健康或神经发育状况，并完成了自闭症谱系商数（AQ）。有 245 名成年人访问了该调查；132 人报告曾试图自杀，并且还完成了 AQ。假设在尝试自杀超过一次的成年人中，AQ 总分和子量表得分会高于仅尝试过一次的成年人。这些假设使用独立样本 t 检验、Mann-Whitney U 检验和二项逻辑回归进行了检验。
结果
大多数参与者为女性（83.3%，男性=12.9%，其他=3.8%），年龄从 18 岁到 65 岁不等（中位数=36.00；IQR=19.00）。与仅尝试过一次自杀的成年人相比，尝试自杀超过一次的成年人的 AQ 总分以及沟通和想象力子量表得分显著更高。即使在排除了诊断或疑似自闭症的参与者（=34）之后，40.6%的人具有表明临床关注的 AQ 得分（≥26）。
结论
这些发现表明，在尝试自杀的成年人中，自闭症特征可能经常存在较高水平，并且具有多次自杀尝试史的人的 AQ 得分更高。通过对有精神健康状况的自闭症成年人进行自杀想法和行为筛查，以及对有自杀想法和/或行为的人进行自闭症筛查，可能可以更好地识别自杀风险。
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