Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Aug;26(23):23359-23371. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05535-x. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
The aim of this study was to perform a complex assessment of changes in the elements of an ecosystem that are caused by environmental pollution in industrial and urban biotopes. The study focused on three sites: a park, a road and the site of the metallurgical plant "Pokój" in the city of Ruda Śląska (Southern Poland), which are each under a different level of anthropogenic load. Soil and plant material samples (Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata leaves) were investigated by performing biochemical, ecophysiological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. A significant difference was observed in all of the study samples. The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil samples that had been collected at the site of the metallurgical plant exceeded the permitted limits (Cd > 4 mg kg, Pb > 100 mg kg, Zn > 300 mg kg). The content of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn in the plant material was much higher in unwashed samples than in washed samples. The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were below the permitted level in the leaves of Plantago lanceolata for Cd (> 5 mg kg) and in the leaves of Plantago major for Zn (> 100 mg kg). The SEM observations revealed a significant decrease in the stomata pore length (SPL) in the Plantago lanceolata leaves that had been collected at the road site compared with the plants from the park site. The elemental content on the leaf surface was also determined using X-ray microanalysis. The total chlorophyll (Chl) content, ascorbic acid (AA), proline, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity, pH, relative water content (RWC) and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) were evaluated. The APTI for the investigated species ranged from 5.6 to 7.4, which demonstrated that the studied plant species are sensitive to air pollutants.
本研究旨在对工业和城市生境中受环境污染影响的生态系统要素进行综合评估。研究集中在三个地点：一个公园、一条道路和位于鲁达希隆斯卡市（波兰南部）的冶金厂“波科伊”，它们分别受到不同程度的人为负荷。通过生化、生态生理和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析，对土壤和植物材料样本（车前草和长叶车前草叶片）进行了研究。在所有研究样本中都观察到了显著差异。在从冶金厂采集的土壤样本中，Pb、Zn 和 Cd 的含量超过了允许限值（Cd>4mgkg、Pb>100mgkg、Zn>300mgkg）。与洗涤后的样本相比，未洗涤样本中植物材料中铁、锰、Pb、Cd 和 Zn 的含量更高。在长叶车前草叶片中，Cd（>5mgkg）和 Zn（>100mgkg）的潜在毒性元素（PTE）浓度低于允许水平，在车前草叶片中 Zn 的浓度高于允许水平。SEM 观察结果表明，与公园地点的植物相比，道路地点采集的长叶车前草叶片的气孔孔径长度（SPL）显著减小。还使用 X 射线微分析测定了叶片表面的元素含量。评估了总叶绿素（Chl）含量、抗坏血酸（AA）、脯氨酸、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（GPX）活性、pH 值、相对水含量（RWC）和空气污染物耐受指数（APTI）。研究物种的 APTI 范围为 5.6 至 7.4，表明所研究的植物物种对空气污染物敏感。
