Groupe PiLeJe, 75015, Paris, France.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Sep;63(17):e1900403. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900403. Epub 2019 Jun 25.
Targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis by prebiotics is effective, though side effects such as abdominal bloating and flatulence may arise following high prebiotic consumption over weeks. The aim is therefore to optimize the current protocol for prebiotic use.
To examine the prebiotic properties of plant extracts, two independent studies are conducted in ob/ob mice, over two weeks. In the first study, Porphyra umbilicalis and Melissa officinalis L. extracts are evaluated; in the second study, a high vs low dose of an Emblica officinalis Gaertn extract is assessed. These plant extracts affect gut microbiota, caecum metabolome, and induce a significant lower plasma triacylglycerols (TG) following treatment with P. umbilicalis and significantly higher plasma free fatty acids (FFA) following treatment with the low-dose of E. officinalis Gaertn. Glucose- and insulin-tolerance are not affected but white adipose tissue and liver gene expression are modified. In the first study, IL-6 hepatic gene expression is significantly (adjusted p = 0.0015) and positively (r = 0.80) correlated with the bacterial order Clostridiales in all mice.
The data show that a two-week treatment with plant extracts affects the dysbiotic gut microbiota and changes both caecum metabolome and markers of lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice.
通过使用益生元来靶向肠道微生物失调是有效的，尽管在数周内高剂量使用益生元可能会引起副作用，如腹胀和胀气。因此，目标是优化当前的益生元使用方案。
为了研究植物提取物的益生元特性，在 ob/ob 小鼠中进行了两项独立的为期两周的研究。在第一项研究中，评估了紫菜和迷迭香提取物；在第二项研究中，评估了高剂量和低剂量的余甘子提取物。这些植物提取物影响肠道微生物群、盲肠代谢组，并在使用紫菜治疗后显著降低血浆三酰甘油（TG），在使用低剂量余甘子提取物治疗后显著增加血浆游离脂肪酸（FFA）。葡萄糖和胰岛素耐量不受影响，但白色脂肪组织和肝脏基因表达发生改变。在第一项研究中，所有小鼠的肝脏 IL-6 基因表达与细菌目 Clostridiales 呈显著正相关（调整后 p = 0.0015，r = 0.80）。
数据表明，两周的植物提取物治疗可影响失调的肠道微生物群，并改变 ob/ob 小鼠的盲肠代谢组和脂质代谢标志物。
