National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jun 16;11(6):1357. doi: 10.3390/nu11061357.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a growing healthcare problem. Identification of modifiable risk factors for prevention and treatment of COPD is urgent, and the scientific community has begun to pay close attention to diet as an integral part of COPD management, from prevention to treatment. This review summarizes the evidence from observational and clinical studies regarding the impact of nutrients and dietary patterns on lung function and COPD development, progression, and outcomes, with highlights on potential mechanisms of action. Several dietary options can be considered in terms of COPD prevention and/or progression. Although definitive data are lacking, the available scientific evidence indicates that some foods and nutrients, especially those nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and when consumed in combinations in the form of balanced dietary patterns, are associated with better pulmonary function, less lung function decline, and reduced risk of COPD. Knowledge of dietary influences on COPD may provide health professionals with an evidence-based lifestyle approach to better counsel patients toward improved pulmonary health.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一，也是一个日益严重的医疗保健问题。确定可改变的危险因素，以预防和治疗 COPD 是当务之急，科学界已经开始关注饮食作为 COPD 管理的一个组成部分，从预防到治疗。本综述总结了观察性和临床研究中关于营养素和饮食模式对肺功能和 COPD 发生、发展和结局的影响的证据，重点介绍了潜在的作用机制。可以考虑几种饮食选择来预防和/或减缓 COPD 的进展。尽管缺乏明确的数据，但现有的科学证据表明，一些食物和营养素，特别是那些具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的营养保健品，当以均衡饮食模式的组合形式摄入时，与更好的肺功能、更少的肺功能下降和降低的 COPD 风险相关。了解饮食对 COPD 的影响可以为医疗保健专业人员提供基于证据的生活方式方法，以更好地为患者提供改善肺部健康的建议。
