Superhydrophobicity: advanced biological and biomedical applications.

Superhydrophobic surfaces for broad applications in biological and biomedical sciences are good potential candidates for technological unsolved challenges. Using superhydrophobicity can supply a suitable and biocompatible strategy for making clean antibacterial surfaces, sensitive biosensors, significant methods for biocrystallization, tunable cell/platelet/blood adhesion surfaces, appropriate templates for gene/drug delivery and 3D cell engineering. Trapped air in surface roughness, surface convection and localizer effects, reduction in tissue-implant unwanted interactions and genes delivery pathways are some of the characteristics that superhydrophobic surfaces can provide to solve biological and biomedical technical restrictions. In this review, the mechanism and procedures of superhydrophobic surfaces and their impacts on biosystems have been studied and highlighted.