Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
PLoS One. 2019 Jun 20;14(6):e0218463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218463. eCollection 2019.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is associated with prolonged life expectancy. The main modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors are hazardous alcohol drinking, smoking, excess body weight and lack of physical activity. Our aim was to estimate the impact of unfavourable lifestyle factors on abnormalities in laboratory tests reflecting liver status, inflammation and lipid metabolism in a population-based cross-sectional study.
The study included 22,273 participants (10,561 men, 11,712 women) aged 25-74 years from the National FINRISK Study. Data on alcohol use, smoking, body weight, and physical activity were recorded from structured interviews. The risk scores for the various life style factors were established on a 0-8 scale and used to stratify the population in classes to allow estimates of their joint effects. Serum liver enzymes (GGT, ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profiles were measured using standard laboratory techniques.
Consistent dose-response relationships were observed between the number of unfavourable risk factors and serum levels of GGT, ALT, CRP, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in all comparisons). When compared with those with zero risk factors, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abnormalities in all biomarkers were significantly higher in those with a sum of risk score two or more. The most striking increases in ORs in the group with the highest numbers of risk factors were observed among men in serum GGT: 26.6 (12.4-57.0), ALT: 40.3 (5.3-307.8), CRP: 16.2 (7.8-33.7) and serum triglycerides: 14.4 (8.6-24.0).
The data support the view that the presence of unfavourable life style risk factors is associated with distinct abnormalities in laboratory tests for liver function, inflammation and lipid status. Such biomarkers may prove to be of value in the assessment of interventions aimed at reducing unfavourable risk factors and in helping individuals in long-term maintenance of lifestyle modifications.
采用健康的生活方式与预期寿命延长有关。主要可改变的与生活方式相关的风险因素是危险饮酒、吸烟、超重和缺乏身体活动。我们的目的是在一项基于人群的横断面研究中估计不良生活方式因素对反映肝脏状况、炎症和脂质代谢的实验室检查异常的影响。
这项研究包括来自国家 FINRISK 研究的 22273 名年龄在 25-74 岁的参与者（男性 10561 名，女性 11712 名）。从结构化访谈中记录了酒精使用、吸烟、体重和身体活动的数据。各种生活方式因素的风险评分在 0-8 分的范围内建立，并用于对人群进行分层，以估计其联合效应。使用标准实验室技术测量血清肝酶（GGT、ALT）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）和血脂谱。
在不良风险因素数量与 GGT、ALT、CRP、胆固醇、HDL、LDL 和甘油三酯的血清水平之间观察到一致的剂量-反应关系（所有比较的线性趋势 p<0.0005）。与具有零个风险因素的个体相比，在多变量校正后，所有生物标志物异常的比值比（OR）在具有两个或更多风险评分总和的个体中显著更高。在风险因素数量最高的组中，男性血清 GGT（26.6[12.4-57.0]）、ALT（40.3[5.3-307.8]）、CRP（16.2[7.8-33.7]）和血清甘油三酯（14.4[8.6-24.0]）的 OR 增加最为显著。
数据支持这样的观点，即不良生活方式风险因素的存在与肝功能、炎症和脂质状态的实验室检查异常有关。这些生物标志物可能在评估旨在减少不良风险因素的干预措施以及帮助个体长期维持生活方式改变方面具有价值。
