School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2019 Jun 20;9(2):80. doi: 10.3390/bios9020080.
The chemical, temporal, and spatial resolution of chemical signals that are sampled and transported with continuous flow is limited because of Taylor dispersion. Droplets have been used to solve this problem by digitizing chemical signals into discrete segments that can be transported for a long distance or a long time without loss of chemical, temporal or spatial precision. In this review, we describe Taylor dispersion, sampling theory, and Laplace pressure, and give examples of sampling probes that have used droplets to sample or/and transport fluid from a continuous medium, such as cell culture or nerve tissue, for external analysis. The examples are categorized, as follows: (1) Aqueous-phase sampling with downstream droplet formation; (2) preformed droplets for sampling; and (3) droplets formed near the analyte source. Finally, strategies for downstream sample recovery for conventional analysis are described.
由于泰勒分散的作用，连续流动采样和传输的化学信号的化学、时间和空间分辨率受到限制。通过将化学信号数字化为离散片段，液滴已被用于解决这个问题，这些离散片段可以在不损失化学、时间或空间精度的情况下远距离或长时间传输。在这篇综述中，我们描述了泰勒分散、采样理论和拉普拉斯压力，并给出了使用液滴从连续介质（如细胞培养或神经组织）中采样或/和传输流体的采样探针的示例，这些示例如下：（1）在下游形成液滴的水相采样；（2）用于采样的预成型液滴；和（3）在分析物源附近形成的液滴。最后，描述了用于常规分析的下游样品回收策略。
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