Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Sep-Oct;84:103891. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.05.016. Epub 2019 May 28.
Cognitive reserve has been defined as the individuals' ability to tolerate age-related and neurodegenerative changes in the brain without developing clinical symptoms or signs of disease. Formal education, occupational attainment, and knowledge of other languages have been assessed as the most relevant factors determining cognitive reserve. The main objective of this study was to develop a structural equation model that reflects the direct influence of cognitive reserve on old adults' general cognitive status and executive functioning, and indirectly on sentence comprehension performance through executive functions mediation. One hundred and fifty eight Spanish-speaking older adults, cognitively intact, were assessed to obtain cognitive reserve data, general cognitive status, executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility), and sentence comprehension measures. High indicators of adjustment of the proposed model were obtained. The most related factors to cognitive reserve were education and occupational attainment. As we hypothesize, cognitive reserve had a higher direct significant relation to cognitive status and, in a lesser extent, to executive functioning. Participants' general cognitive status and executive function were high and directly related. Furthermore, cognitive reserve has an indirect positive relation to sentence comprehension via executive functions' mediation.
认知储备被定义为个体在大脑出现与年龄相关和神经退行性变化时，能够耐受而不出现临床症状或疾病迹象的能力。正规教育、职业成就和掌握其他语言的能力已被评估为决定认知储备的最相关因素。本研究的主要目的是开发一个结构方程模型，该模型反映了认知储备对老年人一般认知状态和执行功能的直接影响，以及通过执行功能的中介作用对句子理解表现的间接影响。158 名认知正常的西班牙语老年人接受评估，以获得认知储备数据、一般认知状态、执行功能（抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性）和句子理解测试。提出的模型具有较高的调整指标。与认知储备最相关的因素是教育和职业成就。正如我们假设的那样，认知储备与认知状态有更高的直接显著关系，而与执行功能的关系则较小。参与者的一般认知状态和执行功能较高且直接相关。此外，认知储备通过执行功能的中介作用对句子理解产生间接的积极关系。
