Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jun 24;19(1):810. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7139-9.
Harmful alcohol use is a modifiable risk factor contributing to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and deaths and the implementation of policies focused on primary prevention is pivotal to address this challenge. Policies with actions targeting the harmful use of alcohol have been developed in Nigeria. This study is an in-depth analysis of alcohol-related policies in Nigeria and the utilization of WHO Best Buy interventions (BBIs) and multi-sectoral action (MSA) in the formulation of these policies.
A descriptive case study design and the Walt and Gilson framework of policy analysis was utilized for the research. Components of the study included a scoping review consisting of electronic search of Google and three online databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed) to identify articles and policy documents with no language and date restrictions. Government institution provided documents which were not online. Thirteen policy documents, reports or articles relevant to the policy formulation process were identified. Other components of the study included interviews with 44 key informants (Bureaucrats and Policy Makers) using a pretested guide. The qualitative data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings revealed that policy actions to address harmful alcohol use are proposed in the 2007 Federal Road Safety Act, the Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Policy and the Strategic Plan of Action. Only one of the best buy interventions, (restricted access to alcohol) is proposed in these policies. Multi-sectoral action for the formulation of alcohol-related policy was low and several relevant sectors with critical roles in policy implementation were not involved in the formulation process. Overall, alcohol currently has no holistic, health-sector led policy document to regulate the marketing, promotion of alcohol and accessibility. A major barrier is the low government budgetary allocation to support the process.
Nigeria has few alcohol-related policies with weak multi-sectoral action. Funding constraint remains a major threat to the implementation and enforcement of proposed policy actions.
有害饮酒是导致非传染性疾病负担日益加重和死亡的可改变风险因素，因此实施以初级预防为重点的政策对于应对这一挑战至关重要。尼日利亚已经制定了针对有害饮酒行为的政策。本研究深入分析了尼日利亚的酒精相关政策，以及在制定这些政策过程中利用世卫组织最佳可行干预措施（BBIs）和多部门行动（MSA）的情况。
本研究采用描述性案例研究设计和 Walt 和 Gilson 政策分析框架。研究内容包括：对谷歌和三个在线数据库（谷歌学术、科学直接和 PubMed）进行电子搜索，以确定无语言和日期限制的文章和政策文件，开展范围界定审查；政府机构提供了未在网上发布的文件。确定了 13 份与政策制定过程相关的政策文件、报告或文章。研究的其他内容包括使用预测试指南对 44 名关键信息提供者（官僚和政策制定者）进行访谈。使用主题分析对定性数据进行编码和分析。
研究结果表明，在 2007 年《联邦道路安全法》、《非传染性疾病预防和控制政策》和《战略行动计划》中提出了针对有害饮酒行为的政策行动。这些政策中仅提出了最佳可行干预措施之一（限制酒精获取）。在制定酒精相关政策方面，多部门行动力度较弱，几个在政策实施中具有关键作用的相关部门并未参与制定过程。总体而言，目前没有一个全面的、以卫生部门为主导的酒精监管政策文件来规范酒精的营销、推广和可及性。一个主要障碍是政府预算拨款不足，无法为该过程提供支持。
尼日利亚的酒精相关政策较少，多部门行动不力。资金短缺仍然是实施和执行拟议政策行动的主要威胁。
