Stein Eye Institute and Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Prog Brain Res. 2019;248:93-102. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.015. Epub 2019 May 20.
The ocular motor plant, consisting of the globe, extraocular muscles (EOMs), and connective tissue suspension, constitutes an intricate and non-linear actuator of eye movements. The pulley system of the rectus EOMs constitutes a non-linear inner gimbal actuated by the orbital layers of these EOMs that renders the sequence of ocular rotations effectively commutative to the central controller, and can be rotated by the outer gimbal driven by the oblique EOMs. Optic nerve (ON) length is insufficient to permit large angle adduction without tethering by the ON and sheath, creating at and beyond this threshold a large additional load on the medial rectus muscle. Finite element modeling suggests that adduction may eventually cause repetitive strain injury to the ON and glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
眼球运动器官由眼球、眼外肌（EOM）和连接组织悬带组成，是眼球运动的一个复杂的非线性执行器。直肌的滑车系统构成了一个非线性的内框架，由这些 EOM 的轨道层驱动，使眼球旋转的顺序有效地对中央控制器进行交换，并且可以由斜肌驱动的外框架旋转。视神经（ON）长度不足，无法在没有 ON 和鞘的束缚的情况下进行大角度内收，在这个阈值及以上，内直肌会承受更大的额外负荷。有限元模型表明，内收最终可能导致 ON 重复性劳损和青光眼视神经损伤。
