Novotny T, Jennings C E, Doran M, March C R, Hopkins R S, Wassilak S G, Markowitz L E
Office on Smoking and Health, Rockville, MD 20857.
Public Health Rep. 1988 Jan-Feb;103(1):49-54.
State immunization laws which exempt religious groups present difficult problems in disease control in measles epidemics. Two outbreaks are described, 136 cases in a college for Christian Scientists, and 51 cases associated with a camp attended by Christian Scientists. Control measures at the college included immunization and quarantine. An alternative strategy at the camp consisted of dispersal of exposed persons from the camp and their being quarantined in their home States. Three deaths (case-fatality ratio = 2.2 percent) were reported at the college; no serious complications were reported from the camp-associated epidemic. No transmission into the general community occurred in either epidemic. Public health officials are encouraged to be aware of the legal rights and obligations of religiously exempt groups so that outbreaks in these groups can be effectively controlled, even if standard immunization strategies are not possible. Early reporting and rapid case identification, investigation, and quarantine or vaccination procedures by public health workers are necessary for disease control in these settings.
允许宗教团体免接种疫苗的州免疫法给麻疹疫情的疾病控制带来了难题。本文描述了两起疫情，一起发生在一所基督教科学派大学，有136例病例；另一起与一个基督教科学派教徒参加的营地有关，有51例病例。该大学采取的控制措施包括免疫接种和隔离。营地采取的另一项策略是将接触者从营地疏散，并在他们各自所在州进行隔离。该大学报告了3例死亡（病死率 = 2.2%）；与营地相关的疫情未报告严重并发症。两起疫情均未传播至普通社区。鼓励公共卫生官员了解宗教豁免群体的合法权利和义务，以便即使无法采用标准免疫策略，也能有效控制这些群体中的疫情爆发。公共卫生工作者尽早报告并快速进行病例识别、调查以及隔离或接种程序，对于在这些情况下控制疾病至关重要。
