Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900 RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900 RS, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 25;20(12):3092. doi: 10.3390/ijms20123092.
The emission of greenhouse gases has grown in unprecedented levels since the beginning of the industrial era. As a result, global climate changes, such as heightened global temperature and ocean acidification, are expected to negatively impact populations. Similarly, industrial and urban unsustainable development are also expected to impose local impacts of their own, such as environmental pollution with organic and inorganic chemicals. As an answer, biomarkers can be used in environmental programs to assess these impacts. These tools are based in the quantification of biochemical and cellular responses of target species that are known to respond in a sensitive and specific way to such stresses. In this context, carbonic anhydrase has shown to be a promising biomarker candidate for the assessment of global and local impacts in biomonitoring programs, especially in marine zones, such as coral reefs, considering the pivotal role of this enzyme in the calcification process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to show the recent advances in the carbonic anhydrase research and the reasons why it can be considered as a promising biomarker to be used for calcifying organisms.
自工业时代开始以来，温室气体的排放呈前所未有的水平增长。因此，预计气候变化如全球气温升高和海洋酸化等将对人口产生负面影响。同样，工业和城市的不可持续发展也预计会带来自身的局部影响，例如有机和无机化学物质造成的环境污染。作为回应，可以在环境计划中使用生物标志物来评估这些影响。这些工具基于对目标物种的生化和细胞反应的定量，这些目标物种已知以敏感和特异的方式对这些压力作出反应。在这种情况下，碳酸酐酶已被证明是生物监测计划中评估全球和局部影响的有前途的生物标志物候选物，特别是在珊瑚礁等海洋区域，因为该酶在钙化过程中起着关键作用。因此，本综述的目的是展示碳酸酐酶研究的最新进展，以及为什么它可以被认为是一种有前途的生物标志物，可用于钙化生物。
