Riccardi Niccolò, Rotulo Gioacchino Andrea, Castagnola Elio
Infectious Diseases Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Department of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
Curr Pediatr Rev. 2019;15(4):197-206. doi: 10.2174/1573396315666190617151745.
Opportunistic Infections (OIs) still remain a major cause of morbidity and death in children with either malignant or nonmalignant disease. OIs are defined as those infections occurring due to bacteria, fungi, viruses or commensal organisms that normally inhabit the human body and do not cause a disease in healthy people, but become pathogenic when the body's defense system is impaired. OIs can also be represented by unusually severe infections caused by common pathogens. An OI could present itself at the onset of a primary immunodeficiency syndrome as a life-threatening event. More often, OI is a therapyassociated complication in patients needing immunosuppressive treatment, among long-term hospitalised patients or in children who undergo bone marrow or solid organ transplantation. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and 'easy to read' text that briefly summarises the currently available knowledge about OIs in order to define when an infection should be considered as opportunistic in pediatrics as a result of an underlying congenital or acquired immune-deficit.
机会性感染（OIs）仍然是患有恶性或非恶性疾病儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。机会性感染被定义为那些由细菌、真菌、病毒或通常寄居于人体且在健康人身上不会致病，但在人体防御系统受损时会致病的共生生物引起的感染。机会性感染也可能表现为常见病原体引起的异常严重感染。机会性感染可能在原发性免疫缺陷综合征发病时作为危及生命的事件出现。更常见的情况是，在需要免疫抑制治疗的患者、长期住院患者或接受骨髓或实体器官移植的儿童中，机会性感染是一种与治疗相关的并发症。本综述的目的是提供一篇全面且“易于阅读”的文章，简要总结关于机会性感染的现有知识，以便确定由于潜在的先天性或获得性免疫缺陷，何时应将儿科感染视为机会性感染。
