University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5939 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8570, USA.
Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5939 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8570, USA.
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Jun 26;19(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1671-2.
Although the inclusion of arts in medical school curricula has garnered attention, little is known about the effect of arts-based interventions on the behaviors, attitudes, and technical skills of students. The Art of Observation is an optional elective at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) in collaboration with educators from the Dallas Museum of Art (DMA). We utilized a qualitative approach to describe in-depth how engaging with art influences the development of medical students' observation skills and empathy.
We analyzed evaluations from 65 medical students who completed the course between 2015 and 2017. Evaluations contained open-ended questions that asked students to reflect upon their experiences and describe their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings after guided museum visits. We used grounded theory to generate a thematic codebook, then employed axial coding to discover thematic relationships.
We report three main findings and several subthemes: (1) Enhanced observation skills: by engaging with art and completing relevant activities, students developed the ability to synthesize a compelling narrative in addition to learning technical skills; (2) Improved physician socialization: students reported enhanced self-awareness, increased tolerance of ambiguity, and development of a humanistic view of medicine, key components of physician socialization; and (3) Reduction in burnout symptoms: students reported an enhanced sense of well-being after each session, which mitigates the process of burnout.
Fine arts can be used to teach technical skills, stimulate personal reflection, and prevent burnout. A meaningful engagement with the arts can play an important role in developing physicians who are observant, empathetic, and more well-rounded.
尽管将艺术纳入医学院课程已经引起了关注，但人们对艺术干预对学生的行为、态度和技术技能的影响知之甚少。《观察的艺术》是德克萨斯大学西南医学中心（UTSW）与达拉斯艺术博物馆（DMA）的教育工作者合作的一门选修课程。我们采用定性方法深入描述了参与艺术如何影响医学生观察技能和同理心的发展。
我们分析了 2015 年至 2017 年间完成该课程的 65 名医学生的评估。评估包含开放式问题，要求学生反思自己的经验，并在经过指导的博物馆参观后描述他们的看法、想法和感受。我们使用扎根理论生成主题代码本，然后使用轴向编码发现主题关系。
我们报告了三个主要发现和几个子主题：（1）增强观察技能：通过参与艺术并完成相关活动，学生除了学习技术技能外，还培养了综合引人入胜的叙述的能力；（2）改善医生的社会化：学生报告说增强了自我意识、增加了对模棱两可的容忍度，以及对医学的人文观点的发展，这些都是医生社会化的关键组成部分；（3）减少倦怠症状：学生报告说每次课程后幸福感增强，从而减轻了倦怠的过程。
美术可以用于教授技术技能、激发个人反思和预防倦怠。与艺术进行有意义的互动可以在培养观察力强、富有同理心和更加全面的医生方面发挥重要作用。
