Brownstein Callum G, Ansdell Paul, Škarabot Jakob, McHugh Malachy P, Howatson Glyn, Goodall Stuart, Thomas Kevin
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France.
Front Physiol. 2019 Jun 6;10:647. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00647. eCollection 2019.
Cryotherapy is commonly implemented following soccer match-play in an attempt to accelerate the natural time-course of recovery, but the effect of this intervention on neuromuscular function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of donning lower-body garments fitted with cooled phase change material (PCM) on recovery of neuromuscular function following competitive soccer match-play. Using a randomized, crossover design, 11 male semi-professional soccer players wore PCM cooled to 15°C (PCM) or left at ambient temperature (PCM; sham control) for 3 h following soccer match-play. Pre-, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-match, participants completed a battery of neuromuscular, physical, and perceptual tests. Maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) and twitch responses to electrical (femoral nerve) and magnetic (motor cortex) stimulation (TMS) during isometric knee-extension and at rest were measured to assess central nervous system (CNS) (voluntary activation, VA) and muscle contractile (quadriceps potentiated twitch force, Q) function. Fatigue and perceptions of muscle soreness were assessed via visual analog scales, and physical function was assessed through measures of jump [countermovement jump (CMJ) height and reactive strength index (RSI)] performance. A belief questionnaire was completed pre- and post-intervention to determine the perceived effectiveness of each garment. Competitive soccer match-play elicited persistent decrements in MVC, VA measured with femoral nerve stimulation, Q, as well as reactive strength, fatigue and muscle soreness ( < 0.05). Both MVC and VA were higher at 48 h post-match after wearing PCM compared with PCM ( < 0.05). However, there was no effect of PCM on the magnitude or time-course of recovery for any other neuromuscular, physical function, or perceptual indices studied ( > 0.05). The belief questionnaire revealed that players perceived that both PCM and PCM were moderately effective in improving recovery, with no difference between the two interventions ( = 0.56). Although wearing cooled PCM garments improved MVC and VA 48 h following match-play, the lack of effect on measures of physical function or perceptual responses to match-play suggest that PCM offers a limited benefit to the recovery process. The lack of effect could have been due to the relatively small magnitude of change in most of the outcome measures studied.
冷冻疗法在足球比赛后通常被采用，旨在加速恢复的自然进程，但这种干预对神经肌肉功能的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨穿着装有冷却相变材料（PCM）的下半身服装对足球比赛后神经肌肉功能恢复的影响。采用随机交叉设计，11名男性半职业足球运动员在足球比赛后，穿着冷却至15°C的PCM（PCM组）或保持在环境温度（PCM组；假对照）3小时。在比赛前、比赛后24、48和72小时，参与者完成了一系列神经肌肉、身体和感知测试。测量了等长伸膝和休息时最大自主收缩力（MVC）以及对电刺激（股神经）和磁刺激（运动皮层）的抽搐反应（TMS），以评估中枢神经系统（CNS）（自主激活，VA）和肌肉收缩功能（股四头肌增强抽搐力，Q）。通过视觉模拟量表评估疲劳和肌肉酸痛感，通过跳跃测量[反向运动跳跃（CMJ）高度和反应力量指数（RSI）]评估身体功能。在干预前后完成一份信念问卷，以确定每种服装的感知效果。足球比赛导致MVC、股神经刺激测量的VA、Q以及反应力量、疲劳和肌肉酸痛持续下降（P<0.05）。与PCM组相比，穿着PCM组比赛后48小时MVC和VA更高（P<0.05）。然而，PCM对所研究的任何其他神经肌肉、身体功能或感知指标的恢复幅度或时间进程均无影响（P>0.05）。信念问卷显示，球员们认为PCM组和PCM组在改善恢复方面都有一定效果，两种干预之间没有差异（P = 0.56）。虽然穿着冷却的PCM服装在比赛后48小时改善了MVC和VA，但对身体功能测量或比赛感知反应缺乏影响表明，PCM对恢复过程的益处有限。缺乏效果可能是由于所研究的大多数结果测量变化幅度相对较小。
