Deely Ciaran, Tallent Jamie, Bennett Ross, Woodhead Alex, Goodall Stuart, Thomas Kevin, Howatson Glyn
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
Queen Park Rangers Football Club, Crane Lodge Road, London, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 13;13:911009. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.911009. eCollection 2022.
To profile the etiology and recovery time-course of neuromuscular function in response to a mixed-content, standard training week in professional academy soccer players. We concurrently examined physical performance, cognitive function, and perceptual measures of mood and wellness states to identify a range of simple tests applied practitioners could use in the field as surrogate measures of neuromuscular function. Sixteen professional academy soccer players completed a range of neuromuscular, physical, perceptual, mood, and cognitive function tests at baseline and after a strenuous training day (pitch and gym), with retest at 24, 48, and 72 h, and further pitch and gym sessions after 48 h post-baseline. Maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) and twitch responses to electrical stimulation (femoral nerve) during isometric knee-extensor contractions and at rest were measured to assess central nervous system (voluntary activation, VA) and muscle contractile (potentiated twitch force, Q) function. Strenuous training elicited decrements in MVC force post-session (-11%, = 0.001) that remained unresolved at 72 h (-6%, = 0.03). Voluntary activation (motor nerve stimulation) was reduced immediately post-training only (-4%, = 0.03). No change in muscle contractile function (Q) was observed post-training, though was reduced at 24 h (-13%, = 0.01), and had not fully recovered 72 h after (-9%, = 0.03). Perceptions of wellness were impaired post-training, and recovered by 24 h (sleepiness, energy) and 48 h (fatigue, muscle soreness, readiness to train). Countermovement jump performance declined at 24 h, while RSI (Reactive Strength Index) decrements persisted at 48 h. No changes were evident in adductor squeeze, mood, or cognitive function. Elite youth soccer training elicits substantial decrements in neuromuscular function, which are still present 72 h post-strenuous exercise. Though central processes contribute to post-exercise neuromuscular alterations, the magnitude and prolonged presence of impairments in contractile function indicates it is the restitution of muscular function (peripheral mechanisms) that explains recovery from strenuous training in academy soccer players.
为了剖析职业足球学院球员在经历一周包含多种内容的标准训练后神经肌肉功能的病因及恢复时间进程。我们同时检查了身体性能、认知功能以及情绪和健康状态的感知指标，以确定一系列简单测试，供应用从业者在现场用作神经肌肉功能的替代指标。16名职业足球学院球员在基线时以及在艰苦训练日（球场和健身房训练）后完成了一系列神经肌肉、身体、感知、情绪和认知功能测试，并在24、48和72小时进行复测，且在基线后48小时后进行了进一步的球场和健身房训练。测量了等长伸膝收缩及休息时最大自主收缩力（MVC）和对电刺激（股神经）的抽搐反应，以评估中枢神经系统（自主激活，VA）和肌肉收缩（增强抽搐力，Q）功能。艰苦训练导致训练后MVC力下降（-11%，P = 0.001），72小时时仍未恢复（-6%，P = 0.03）。自主激活（运动神经刺激）仅在训练后立即降低（-4%，P = 0.03）。训练后未观察到肌肉收缩功能（Q）的变化，尽管在24小时时降低（-13%，P = 0.01），且72小时后仍未完全恢复（-9%，P = 0.03）。训练后健康感知受损，并在24小时（困倦、精力）和48小时（疲劳、肌肉酸痛、训练准备度）恢复。反向移动跳跃性能在24小时下降，而反应力量指数（RSI）下降在48小时持续存在。内收肌挤压、情绪或认知功能未出现明显变化。精英青少年足球训练会导致神经肌肉功能大幅下降，在剧烈运动后72小时仍存在。尽管中枢过程导致运动后神经肌肉改变，但收缩功能损伤的程度和持续存在表明，肌肉功能（外周机制）的恢复解释了足球学院球员从艰苦训练中恢复的原因。
