Pediatric Pulmonary Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Jul 16;22(8):1347-1353. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz109.
One session of water-pipe tobacco smoking (WPS) can increase carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) to levels comparable to those reported in carbon monoxide poisoning, which may cause memory impairment and confusion.
A prospective study evaluating healthy volunteers pre- and post-30 min of WPS session. Primary outcome parameters were executive cognitive measures [digit span test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)]. The effect of repeated cognitive testing 30 min apart without WPS was evaluated in age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Secondary outcome parameters included cardio-pulmonary, COHb, serum nicotine, and cytokine changes.
Thirty-five subjects aged 25.6 ± 4.5 years smoked water-pipe for a 30-min session. Control group included 20 subjects aged 25.2 ± 5.1 years. Digit span test median score decreased after WPS (16 and 15, respectively, p = .003), insignificant decrease in controls. Median PASAT score increased after WPS (49 and 52, respectively, p = .009); however, a much larger significant increase was observed in controls (p ≤ .001). One WPS session resulted in significant increases in heart and respiratory rates and significant decrease in FEF25-75%. Post WPS, median COHb levels increased (from 2.2% to 10.7%, p < .0001) as did median serum nicotine levels (from 1.2 to 26.8 ng/mL, p < .0001). Serum cytokines levels: IL-2 and IL-6 increased (p < .0001 for each), and IL-10 and IL-5 decreased (p < .0001 and p = .04, respectively).
One session of WPS resulted in significant negative effects on cognitive executive measures, significant increases in COHb and serum nicotine levels, and significant changes in serum cytokines. Our findings call for increasing awareness towards the possible consequences of cognitive alterations following a 30-min session of WPS.
One 30-min session of water-pipe smoking resulted in negative effects on executive cognitive measures, increased carboxyhemoglobin and serum nicotine, and significant changes in serum cytokine levels. This study adds to the accumulating evidence on the harmful effects of water-pipe smoking, a growing epidemic, and calls for awareness of its possible consequences of acute cognitive alterations.
一次水烟吸烟（WPS）可使血液中的碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）水平增加至与一氧化碳中毒报告相似的水平，这可能导致记忆损伤和认知障碍。
一项前瞻性研究，评估健康志愿者 WPS 疗程前和后 30 分钟的情况。主要结果参数为执行认知测量[数字跨度测试和 Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test（PASAT）]。评估了年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者在没有 WPS 的情况下，每 30 分钟重复认知测试的效果。次要结果参数包括心肺功能、COHb、血清尼古丁和细胞因子变化。
35 名年龄 25.6 ± 4.5 岁的受试者进行了 30 分钟的水烟吸烟。对照组包括 20 名年龄 25.2 ± 5.1 岁的受试者。WPS 后数字跨度测试中位数评分下降（分别为 16 和 15，p =.003），对照组无明显下降。PASAT 评分中位数增加后 WPS（分别为 49 和 52，p =.009）；然而，对照组观察到更大的显著增加（p ≤.001）。一次 WPS 会导致心率和呼吸率显著增加，FEF25-75%显著降低。WPS 后，COHb 水平中位数升高（从 2.2%升至 10.7%，p <.0001），血清尼古丁水平中位数也升高（从 1.2 升至 26.8ng/ml，p <.0001）。血清细胞因子水平：IL-2 和 IL-6 增加（p <.0001 各），IL-10 和 IL-5 减少（p <.0001 和 p =.04）。
一次 WPS 会导致认知执行能力显著下降，COHb 和血清尼古丁水平显著升高，血清细胞因子水平显著变化。我们的研究结果表明，在 30 分钟的 WPS 后，可能会导致认知改变，因此需要提高对认知改变的潜在后果的认识。
一次 30 分钟的水烟吸烟会对执行认知测量产生负面影响，增加血液中的碳氧血红蛋白和血清尼古丁含量，并显著改变血清细胞因子水平。这项研究增加了关于水烟吸烟的有害影响的证据，这种影响是一种日益严重的流行，需要提高对其可能导致急性认知改变的认识。
